{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160924795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09045","title":"Containment Verification: AI Safety Guarantees Independent of Alignment","display_name":"Containment Verification: AI Safety Guarantees Independent of Alignment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160924795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09045"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.09045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09045","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120758433","display_name":"Royce Moon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moon, Royce","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135957094","display_name":"Lav R. Varshney","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varshney, Lav R.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.226500004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.226500004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.1573999971151352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.12460000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/containment","display_name":"Containment (computer programming)","score":0.7610999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.6822999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3961000144481659}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777019822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390066","display_name":"Containment (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.7610999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7199000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.6822999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780234205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2281276","display_name":"Safety case","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.09045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.09045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7312003970146179,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agentic":[0],"frameworks":[1],"are":[2],"the":[3,12,19,40,48,57,63,69,77,108,126,145,164],"software":[4],"layer":[5,66],"through":[6],"which":[7,35],"AI":[8,49,78],"agents":[9],"act":[10],"in":[11,39,104],"world.":[13],"Existing":[14],"safety":[15,37],"methods":[16],"intervene":[17],"on":[18,25],"model":[20,172],"and":[21,62,91,101,118,130],"therefore":[22],"remain":[23],"conditional":[24],"unverifiable":[26],"properties":[27],"of":[28,150,158],"learned":[29],"behavior.":[30,173],"We":[31,106],"introduce":[32],"containment":[33,65],"verification,":[34],"locates":[36],"guarantees":[38],"agentic":[41,115,121,152],"framework":[42],"itself.":[43],"Under":[44],"havoc":[45],"oracle":[46,55],"semantics,":[47],"is":[50,144,156],"modeled":[51,86],"as":[52],"an":[53,120,134,151],"unconstrained":[54],"over":[56,85,163,171],"framework's":[58,165],"typed":[59,74,166],"action":[60,75,89,167],"space,":[61],"verified":[64],"must":[67],"enforce":[68],"boundary":[70,87,168],"policy":[71],"for":[72],"every":[73],"value":[76],"can":[79],"emit.":[80],"For":[81],"boundary-enforceable":[82],"properties,":[83],"expressed":[84],"events,":[88],"arguments,":[90],"state,":[92],"we":[93],"prove":[94],"a":[95,113],"universal":[96],"guarantee":[97,155],"by":[98,110],"forward-simulation":[99],"refinement":[100,131],"mechanize":[102],"it":[103,161],"Dafny.":[105],"instantiate":[107],"paradigm":[109],"verifying":[111],"PocketFlow,":[112],"minimalist":[114],"LLM":[116],"framework,":[117],"use":[119],"synthesis":[122],"pipeline":[123],"to":[124],"generate":[125],"specification,":[127],"operational":[128],"model,":[129],"proof":[132],"under":[133],"information":[135],"barrier":[136],"against":[137],"tautological":[138],"specifications.":[139],"To":[140],"our":[141],"knowledge,":[142],"this":[143],"first":[146],"deductive":[147],"formal":[148],"verification":[149],"framework.":[153],"The":[154],"independent":[157],"alignment":[159],"because":[160],"quantifies":[162],"rather":[169],"than":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T06:12:58.138171","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}
