{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160900450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08704","title":"AgentPSO: Evolving Agent Reasoning Skill via Multi-agent Particle Swarm Optimization","display_name":"AgentPSO: Evolving Agent Reasoning Skill via Multi-agent Particle Swarm Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160900450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08704"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.08704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08704","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055512162","display_name":"Hyunmin Hwang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hwang, Hyunmin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136001420","display_name":"Jaemin Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim, Jaemin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135936237","display_name":"Choonghan Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim, Choonghan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104262625","display_name":"Hangeol Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang, Hangeol","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135970735","display_name":"Jong Chul Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye, Jong Chul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.17229999601840973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.17229999601840973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.1582999974489212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.08820000290870667,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-reasoner","display_name":"Semantic reasoner","score":0.7530999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-based-reasoning","display_name":"Case-based reasoning","score":0.5569000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasoning-system","display_name":"Reasoning system","score":0.54830002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-reasoning","display_name":"Adaptive reasoning","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-reasoning","display_name":"Qualitative reasoning","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-monotonic-logic","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-based-reasoning","display_name":"Model-based reasoning","score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deductive-reasoning","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"Automated reasoning","score":0.42340001463890076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9616225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3929429","display_name":"Semantic reasoner","level":2,"score":0.7530999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6880999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5716999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20162079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151406","display_name":"Case-based reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5569000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89288958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301504","display_name":"Reasoning system","level":2,"score":0.54830002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107848011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680756","display_name":"Adaptive reasoning","level":4,"score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83725634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268699","display_name":"Qualitative reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159032336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488768","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","level":2,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37335422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888134","display_name":"Model-based reasoning","level":3,"score":0.4246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97364631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484284","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4239000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.42340001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86827895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098582","display_name":"Opportunistic reasoning","level":4,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36964233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920942","display_name":"Verbal reasoning","level":3,"score":0.3880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103057564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751139","display_name":"Analytic reasoning","level":3,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985612853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogical reasoning","level":3,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193221554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153664","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183521366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256422","display_name":"Psychology of reasoning","level":4,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115086926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004651","display_name":"Causal reasoning","level":3,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777508537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936620","display_name":"Visual reasoning","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166088908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308495","display_name":"Abductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2619999945163727}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.08704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.08704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7643276453018188,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-agent":[0],"reasoning":[1,21,54,73,128,136,167,180,199],"has":[2],"shown":[3],"promise":[4],"for":[5,70],"improving":[6],"the":[7,46,146,151,155,158],"problem-solving":[8],"ability":[9],"of":[10,157],"large":[11],"language":[12,160],"models":[13],"by":[14,112,138,150],"allowing":[15],"multiple":[16],"agents":[17,47,99,132],"to":[18,38,133,190],"explore":[19],"diverse":[20],"paths.":[22],"However,":[23],"most":[24],"existing":[25],"multi-agent":[26,72,179],"methods":[27],"rely":[28],"on":[29,140,145,163],"inference-time":[30],"debate":[31],"or":[32],"aggregation,":[33],"which":[34],"can":[35],"be":[36],"vulnerable":[37],"incorrect":[39],"peer":[40,127],"influence":[41],"and":[42,89,121,144,165,177,189],"biased":[43],"consensus.":[44],"Moreover,":[45],"themselves":[48],"remain":[49],"static,":[50],"as":[51,79],"their":[52,141],"underlying":[53],"skills":[55,148,176,184],"do":[56],"not":[57],"evolve":[58],"across":[59,187],"tasks.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"we":[64],"introduce":[65],"\\textbf{AgentPSO},":[66],"a":[67,80,86,93,122],"particle-swarm-inspired":[68],"framework":[69],"evolving":[71],"skills.":[74],"AgentPSO":[75,171,196],"treats":[76],"each":[77,107],"agent":[78,108],"particle-like":[81],"reasoner":[82],"whose":[83,90],"state":[84],"is":[85,92,208],"natural-language":[87],"skill":[88,102,111],"velocity":[91],"semantic":[94],"update":[95],"direction,":[96],"iteratively":[97],"guiding":[98],"toward":[100],"higher-performing":[101],"configurations.":[103],"Across":[104],"training":[105],"iterations,":[106],"updates":[109],"its":[110,114],"combining":[113],"previous":[115],"velocity,":[116],"personal-best":[117],"skill,":[118,120],"global-best":[119],"self-reflective":[123],"direction":[124],"derived":[125],"from":[126],"trajectories.":[129],"This":[130],"enables":[131],"learn":[134],"reusable":[135,198],"behaviors":[137],"drawing":[139],"own":[142],"experience":[143],"strongest":[147],"found":[149],"population,":[152],"without":[153],"updating":[154],"parameters":[156],"backbone":[159,192],"model.":[161],"Experiments":[162],"mathematical":[164],"general":[166],"benchmarks":[168,188],"show":[169],"that":[170,195],"improves":[172],"over":[173],"static":[174],"single-agent":[175],"test-time-only":[178],"baselines.":[181],"The":[182],"evolved":[183],"further":[185],"transfer":[186],"another":[191],"model,":[193],"suggesting":[194],"captures":[197],"procedures":[200],"rather":[201],"than":[202],"merely":[203],"optimizing":[204],"benchmark-specific":[205],"prompts.":[206],"Code":[207],"publicly":[209],"available":[210],"at":[211],"https://github.com/HYUNMIN-HWANG/AgentPSO/.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}