{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160911351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08669","title":"Modeling Decision-Making with Will for Cooperation in Social Dilemmas","display_name":"Modeling Decision-Making with Will for Cooperation in Social Dilemmas","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160911351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08669"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.08669","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08669","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028562033","display_name":"Yizhe Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1585-6306"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Yizhe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100589003","display_name":"Bin Ling","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling, Bin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034228010","display_name":"Song\u2010Chun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1925-5973"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Song-Chun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135963186","display_name":"Xue Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng, Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9157999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9157999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.026799999177455902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.018699999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.6154000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.5825999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5637999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-dilemma","display_name":"Social dilemma","score":0.5357000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-agent","display_name":"Rational agent","score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4408000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rationality","display_name":"Rationality","score":0.4027000069618225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.6154000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5825999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5637999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187206662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55607920","display_name":"Social dilemma","level":2,"score":0.5357000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31772880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666479","display_name":"Rational agent","level":2,"score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.47510001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4408000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201717286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938185","display_name":"Rationality","level":2,"score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179133015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639378","display_name":"Social system","level":2,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985793214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274096","display_name":"Utility maximization","level":2,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189352744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971461","display_name":"Social choice theory","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123650614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282491","display_name":"Strategic dominance","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153517567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26090","display_name":"Mechanism design","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79416737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519","display_name":"Social learning","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.08669","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.08669","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Standard":[0],"rational":[1,126],"actor":[2],"models":[3],"often":[4],"attribute":[5],"cooperation":[6,138],"failures":[7],"in":[8,79,86],"social":[9,81],"dilemmas":[10],"to":[11,103,144],"insufficient":[12],"incentives,":[13],"overlooking":[14],"the":[15,46,68,141],"destabilizing":[16],"effects":[17],"of":[18,29,60],"continuous":[19,131],"utility":[20,56,109],"maximization.":[21,57],"To":[22],"address":[23],"this,":[24],"we":[25,92],"propose":[26],"a":[27,33,87],"framework":[28],"``will\"":[30],"defined":[31],"as":[32,49,73,98],"mechanism":[34],"that":[35,64,76,94,114,121,136],"persistently":[36],"pursues":[37],"goals":[38],"while":[39],"ignoring":[40],"local":[41],"cost-benefit":[42],"fluctuations.":[43],"We":[44,112],"formalize":[45],"Willed":[47],"Agents":[48],"potential":[50],"minimizers,":[51],"distinguishing":[52],"them":[53],"from":[54],"cumulative":[55],"Dynamical":[58],"analysis":[59],"infinite":[61],"population":[62],"demonstrates":[63],"willed":[65,95],"agents":[66,96,122],"shrink":[67],"feasible":[69],"state":[70],"space,":[71],"acting":[72],"boundary":[74],"constraints":[75],"accelerate":[77],"convergence":[78],"canonical":[80],"dilemmas.":[82],"Through":[83],"multi-agent":[84],"simulations":[85],"spatiotemporal":[88],"Stag":[89],"Hunt":[90],"Game,":[91],"show":[93],"function":[97],"``cooperation":[99],"catalysts\",":[100],"enabling":[101],"groups":[102],"surmount":[104],"high-risk":[105],"thresholds":[106],"where":[107],"purely":[108],"maximization":[110],"fails.":[111],"find":[113],"heterogeneous":[115],"will":[116],"strength":[117],"promotes":[118],"cooperation,":[119],"and":[120],"who":[123],"autonomously":[124],"suspend":[125],"re-evaluation":[127],"can":[128],"significantly":[129],"outperform":[130],"optimizers.":[132],"These":[133],"findings":[134],"suggest":[135],"successful":[137],"relies":[139],"on":[140],"cognitive":[142],"capacity":[143],"strategically":[145],"constrain":[146],"calculation.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}