{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160920914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08323","title":"The Reciprocity Gradient","display_name":"The Reciprocity Gradient","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160920914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08323"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.08323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08323","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135996468","display_name":"Yue Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135926322","display_name":"Pascal Poupart","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Poupart, Pascal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135988276","display_name":"Shuhui Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Shuhui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135993600","display_name":"Dan Qiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao, Dan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135934681","display_name":"Wenhao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Wenhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135928490","display_name":"Yuan Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135993761","display_name":"Hongyuan Zha","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zha, Hongyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135986738","display_name":"Baoxiang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Baoxiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.29499998688697815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.29499998688697815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.2303999960422516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.15279999375343323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocity","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","score":0.7511000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.5692999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.350600004196167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264987","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","level":2,"score":0.7511000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.5692999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47920000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.450300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145351099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621827","display_name":"Strategic complements","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169345407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8216221","display_name":"Uncorrelated","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.08323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.08323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.08323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Communication":[0],"is":[1],"fundamental":[2],"to":[3,61],"sustaining":[4],"reciprocity":[5,81],"and":[6,13,118],"cooperation":[7],"in":[8,25],"strategic":[9],"interactions.":[10],"We":[11],"identify":[12],"formulate":[14],"the":[15,20,36,40,59,80,102,128],"influence":[16],"attribution":[17],"problem":[18],"as":[19],"central":[21],"optimization":[22],"difficulty":[23],"inherent":[24],"such":[26],"dynamics":[27],"for":[28,63],"a":[29],"learning":[30],"agent:":[31],"any":[32],"action":[33],"or":[34,124],"signal":[35],"agent":[37,60],"emits":[38],"reshapes":[39],"reputations":[41],"of":[42,65,91],"many":[43],"third":[44],"parties":[45],"along":[46],"combinatorially":[47],"branching":[48],"paths":[49],"before":[50],"feeding":[51],"back":[52],"into":[53,138],"its":[54],"own":[55],"future":[56],"rewards,":[57],"forcing":[58],"account":[62],"all":[64],"these":[66],"indirect":[67],"channels":[68],"at":[69],"once":[70],"when":[71],"choosing":[72],"every":[73],"action.":[74],"To":[75],"address":[76],"this,":[77],"we":[78],"introduce":[79],"gradient,":[82],"which":[83],"explicitly":[84],"backpropagates":[85],"reward":[86,125],"gradients":[87],"through":[88,101],"private":[89],"estimators":[90],"opponents'":[92],"policies":[93],"trained":[94],"from":[95,111],"public":[96],"observations.":[97],"The":[98],"gradient":[99],"flows":[100],"reputation":[103],"chain":[104],"itself":[105],"analytically,":[106],"rather":[107],"than":[108],"being":[109],"estimated":[110],"sampled":[112],"returns.":[113],"It":[114],"jointly":[115],"optimizes":[116],"actions":[117],"evaluative":[119],"signals":[120],"without":[121],"intrinsic":[122],"rewards":[123],"shaping.":[126],"Empirically,":[127],"method":[129],"recovers":[130],"near-optimal":[131],"context-sensitive":[132],"policies,":[133],"while":[134],"sample-based":[135],"baselines":[136],"collapse":[137],"constant-output":[139],"policies.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}
