{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160667115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.06483","title":"ReasonSTL: Bridging Natural Language and Signal Temporal Logic via Tool-Augmented Process-Rewarded Learning","display_name":"ReasonSTL: Bridging Natural Language and Signal Temporal Logic via Tool-Augmented Process-Rewarded Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160667115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.06483"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.06483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.06483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.06483","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032623310","display_name":"Bowen Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye, Bowen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415193","display_name":"Zhijian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1523-1333"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Zhijian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062005994","display_name":"Junyue Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Junyue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135671290","display_name":"Junkai Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Junkai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135674548","display_name":"Xiang Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin, Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.7746999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.7746999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.061000000685453415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.6212000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specification-language","display_name":"Specification language","score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5393999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-logic","display_name":"Temporal logic","score":0.4977000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-language","display_name":"Object language","score":0.46230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-requirements-specification","display_name":"System requirements specification","score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.38850000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6212000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201677973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209840","display_name":"Specification language","level":2,"score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5393999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25016198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781833","display_name":"Temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.4977000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185954173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4347052","display_name":"Object language","level":3,"score":0.46230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84651959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17052506","display_name":"System requirements specification","level":2,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.3596000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146072743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192161","display_name":"Formal language","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4777664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536492","display_name":"Linear temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83479923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063748","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","level":4,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162670838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6057295","display_name":"Interval temporal logic","level":3,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15077461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248507","display_name":"Programming language specification","level":5,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90069079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805432","display_name":"Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification","level":3,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.06483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.06483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.06483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.06483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5615197420120239,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Signal":[0],"Temporal":[1],"Logic":[2],"(STL)":[3],"is":[4],"an":[5],"expressive":[6],"formal":[7,178],"language":[8,43,104],"for":[9,22,87,106,177],"specifying":[10],"spatio-temporal":[11],"requirements":[12,40,80],"over":[13],"real-valued,":[14],"real-time":[15],"signals.":[16,147],"It":[17],"has":[18],"been":[19],"widely":[20],"used":[21],"the":[23,111],"verification":[24],"and":[25,30,63,75,120,134,164,174],"synthesis":[26],"of":[27],"autonomous":[28],"systems":[29],"cyber-physical":[31],"systems.":[32],"In":[33],"practice,":[34],"however,":[35],"users":[36],"often":[37],"express":[38],"their":[39],"in":[41,46,145,160],"natural":[42],"rather":[44],"than":[45],"structured":[47,121],"STL":[48],"formulas,":[49,136],"making":[50],"natural-language-to-STL":[51,107],"translation":[52,112],"a":[53,97,140,151,171],"critical":[54],"yet":[55],"challenging":[56],"task.":[57],"Manual":[58],"specification":[59,179],"requires":[60],"temporal-logic":[61],"expertise":[62],"cannot":[64],"scale,":[65],"while":[66],"prompting":[67],"commercial":[68],"LLM":[69],"APIs":[70],"incurs":[71],"substantial":[72],"token":[73],"costs":[74],"may":[76],"expose":[77],"sensitive":[78],"system":[79],"to":[81,129],"third-party":[82],"services,":[83],"raising":[84],"privacy":[85],"concerns":[86],"industrial":[88],"deployment.":[89],"To":[90],"address":[91],"these":[92],"challenges,":[93],"we":[94],"present":[95],"\\textsc{ReasonSTL},":[96],"tool-augmented":[98],"framework":[99],"that":[100,150,168],"adapts":[101],"local":[102],"open-source":[103],"models":[105],"generation.":[108],"\\textsc{ReasonSTL}":[109,156,169],"decomposes":[110],"process":[113],"into":[114],"explicit":[115],"reasoning,":[116],"deterministic":[117],"tool":[118],"calls,":[119],"formula":[122],"construction.":[123],"We":[124],"further":[125],"introduce":[126],"process-rewarded":[127],"training":[128],"supervise":[130],"both":[131,161],"tool-use":[132],"trajectories":[133],"final":[135],"together":[137],"with":[138,155],"\\textsc{STL-Bench},":[139],"bilingual,":[141],"computation-aware":[142],"benchmark":[143],"grounded":[144],"real-world":[146],"Experiments":[148],"show":[149],"4B":[152],"model":[153],"trained":[154],"achieves":[157],"state-of-the-art":[158],"performance":[159],"automatic":[162],"metrics":[163],"human":[165],"evaluations,":[166],"demonstrating":[167],"provides":[170],"transparent,":[172],"low-cost,":[173],"privacy-preserving":[175],"alternative":[176],"drafting.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-09T00:00:00"}