{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160624784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.06457","title":"Beyond Task Success: Measuring Workflow Fidelity in LLM-Based Agentic Payment Systems","display_name":"Beyond Task Success: Measuring Workflow Fidelity in LLM-Based Agentic Payment Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160624784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.06457"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.06457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.06457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.06457","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068938035","display_name":"Donghao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6767-4872"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Donghao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042825637","display_name":"Joon Kiat Chua","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chua, Joon Kiat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135654741","display_name":"Zhaoxia Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Zhaoxia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.2662000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.2662000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.09149999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.04729999974370003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.7814000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7432000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.7135999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5968000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.39160001277923584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7814000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7432000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.7135999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6887999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5968000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987098735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3808900","display_name":"Recall rate","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.06457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.06457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.06457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.06457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LLM-based":[0],"multi-agent":[1],"systems":[2],"are":[3],"increasingly":[4],"deployed":[5],"for":[6,65,143],"payment":[7,88],"workflows,":[8],"yet":[9],"prevailing":[10],"metrics,":[11],"Task":[12],"Success":[13,33],"Rate":[14,34],"(TSR)":[15],"and":[16,42,56,71,96,115,124],"Agent":[17],"Handoff":[18],"F1-Score":[19],"(HF1),":[20],"capture":[21],"only":[22],"final":[23],"outcomes":[24],"or":[25],"unordered":[26],"routing":[27,126],"decisions.":[28],"We":[29],"introduce":[30],"the":[31,48,61,102],"Agentic":[32],"(ASR),":[35],"a":[36,84,90],"trajectory-fidelity":[37],"metric":[38],"that":[39,77,148],"compares":[40],"observed":[41],"expected":[43],"agent":[44],"execution":[45],"sequences":[46],"at":[47],"transition":[49],"level,":[50],"decomposing":[51],"performance":[52],"into":[53],"Transition":[54,57],"Recall":[55],"Precision.":[58],"Applied":[59],"to":[60,93,139],"Hierarchical":[62],"Multi-Agent":[63],"System":[64],"Payments":[66],"(HMASP)":[67],"across":[68],"18":[69,80],"LLMs":[70],"90,000":[72],"task":[73],"instances,":[74],"ASR":[75,130],"reveals":[76],"10":[78],"of":[79],"models":[81,100],"systematically":[82],"skip":[83],"confirmation":[85],"checkpoint":[86,103],"during":[87],"checkout,":[89],"deviation":[91],"invisible":[92],"both":[94],"TSR":[95,114,134],"HF1,":[97,116],"while":[98,117],"8":[99],"enforce":[101],"perfectly.":[104],"Notably,":[105],"GPT-4.1":[106],"exhibits":[107],"hidden":[108],"workflow":[109],"shortcuts":[110],"despite":[111],"achieving":[112],"perfect":[113,120],"GPT-5.2":[118],"achieves":[119],"ASR.":[121],"Prompt":[122],"refinements":[123],"deterministic":[125],"guards":[127],"guided":[128],"by":[129],"diagnostics":[131],"yield":[132],"substantial":[133],"improvements,":[135],"with":[136],"gains":[137],"up":[138],"+93.8":[140],"percentage":[141],"points":[142],"previously":[144],"struggling":[145],"models,":[146],"demonstrating":[147],"trajectory-level":[149],"evaluation":[150],"is":[151],"essential":[152],"in":[153],"regulated":[154],"domains.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-09T00:00:00"}