{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160596331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.05833","title":"On the Role of Language Representations in Auto-Bidding: Findings and Implications","display_name":"On the Role of Language Representations in Auto-Bidding: Findings and Implications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160596331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.05833"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.05833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.05833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.05833","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135696734","display_name":"Guanyu Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Guanyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134709129","display_name":"Jining Luan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luan, Jining","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135718880","display_name":"Hanwen Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Du, Hanwen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135639460","display_name":"Xinyu Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang, Xinyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135683553","display_name":"Sibo Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Sibo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115844289","display_name":"Ersheng Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5802-4121"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ni, Ersheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129419610","display_name":"Hongji Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Hongji","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135685584","display_name":"Jincheng Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang, Jincheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135679333","display_name":"Ronghao Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Ronghao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135698915","display_name":"Huacan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Huacan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135658632","display_name":"Xuanqi Lan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan, Xuanqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135699401","display_name":"Yongxin Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ni, Yongxin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135706167","display_name":"Yiqi Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Yiqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135716775","display_name":"Youhua Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Youhua","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.2782000005245209,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.2782000005245209,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.27239999175071716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.0731000006198883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidding","display_name":"Bidding","score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.536899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budget-constraint","display_name":"Budget constraint","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7626000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9233905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276328","display_name":"Bidding","level":2,"score":0.6046000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.536899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8505890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605095","display_name":"Budget constraint","level":2,"score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.29440000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163239763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153637","display_name":"Common value auction","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.05833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.05833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.05833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.05833","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Auto-bidding":[0],"is":[1,202],"a":[2,65,125],"crucial":[3],"task":[4],"in":[5,56,193],"real-time":[6],"advertising":[7],"markets,":[8],"where":[9],"policies":[10],"must":[11],"optimize":[12],"long-horizon":[13],"value":[14],"under":[15],"delivery":[16,37],"constraints":[17],"(e.g.,":[18],"budget":[19,176],"and":[20,46,52,78,105,148,160,168,175,185,198],"CPA).":[21],"Existing":[22],"methods":[23],"for":[24,43,68],"auto-bidding":[25,127],"rely":[26],"on":[27],"compact":[28],"numerical":[29,85,103,157],"state":[30],"representations:":[31],"while":[32],"they":[33,39],"can":[34],"implicitly":[35],"capture":[36],"dynamics,":[38],"offer":[40,64],"limited":[41],"support":[42],"explicitly":[44],"representing":[45],"controlling":[47],"high-level":[48],"intent,":[49],"evolving":[50],"feedback,":[51],"operator-style":[53],"strategic":[54],"guidance":[55],"real":[57],"campaigns.":[58],"Meanwhile,":[59],"Large":[60],"Language":[61],"Models":[62],"(LLMs)":[63],"powerful":[66],"method":[67],"encoding":[69],"semantic":[70,144],"information,":[71],"it":[72],"remains":[73],"unclear":[74],"when":[75],"LLMs":[76],"help":[77],"how":[79],"to":[80,163],"integrate":[81,164],"them":[82],"without":[83],"sacrificing":[84],"precision.":[86],"Through":[87],"systematic":[88],"preliminary":[89],"studies,":[90],"we":[91,122],"find":[92],"that":[93,129],"(1)":[94],"LLM":[95],"embeddings":[96],"contain":[97],"bidding-relevant":[98],"cues":[99],"yet":[100],"cannot":[101],"replace":[102],"features,":[104],"(2)":[106],"gains":[107,192],"emerge":[108],"only":[109],"with":[110,189],"careful":[111],"semantic--numeric":[112],"integration":[113],"rather":[114],"than":[115],"naive":[116],"concatenation.":[117],"Motivated":[118],"by":[119],"these":[120,152],"findings,":[121],"propose":[123],"\\textit{SemBid},":[124],"novel":[126],"framework":[128],"injects":[130,151],"LLM-encoded":[131],"semantics":[132,153],"into":[133],"offline":[134,183],"bidding":[135],"trajectories":[136],"at":[137],"the":[138],"token":[139],"level.":[140],"SemBid":[141,178],"introduces":[142],"three":[143],"inputs:":[145],"\\textit{Task},":[146],"\\textit{History},":[147],"\\textit{Strategy}.":[149],"It":[150],"as":[154],"tokens":[155,159],"alongside":[156],"trajectory":[158],"uses":[161],"self-attention":[162],"them,":[165],"improving":[166],"controllability":[167],"generalization":[169],"across":[170],"objectives.":[171],"Across":[172],"diverse":[173],"scenarios":[174],"regimes,":[177],"outperforms":[179],"competitive":[180],"baselines":[181],"from":[182],"RL":[184],"generative":[186],"sequence":[187],"modeling,":[188],"more":[190],"consistent":[191],"overall":[194],"performance,":[195],"constraint":[196],"satisfaction,":[197],"robustness.":[199],"Our":[200],"code":[201],"available":[203],"at:":[204],"\\href{https://github.com/AlanYu04/SemBid-KDD2026}{\\textcolor{blue}{here}}.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-09T00:00:00"}