{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160655907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.05789","title":"Stego Battlefield: Evaluating Image Steganography Attacks and Steganalysis Defenses","display_name":"Stego Battlefield: Evaluating Image Steganography Attacks and Steganalysis Defenses","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160655907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.05789"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.05789","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.05789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.05789","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135727585","display_name":"Zhen Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114100730","display_name":"Zongmin Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Zongmin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135656861","display_name":"Leyi Sheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng, Leyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135647981","display_name":"Yule Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Yule","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101998124","display_name":"Yifan Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-975X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liao, Yifan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135705977","display_name":"Ke Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062424202","display_name":"Xinhu Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-5543"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng, Xinhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135665910","display_name":"Jiaheng Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei, Jiaheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101619232","display_name":"Wenyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0046-5994"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Wenyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135694509","display_name":"Xinlei He","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Xinlei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.7781000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.7781000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.05779999867081642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.03830000013113022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.9117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.8677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.5884000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography-tools","display_name":"Steganography tools","score":0.5421000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evasion","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","score":0.4090999960899353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.9117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.8677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7633000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7059000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.5884000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13179402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7606662","display_name":"Steganography tools","level":4,"score":0.5421000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781251061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416089","display_name":"Evasion (ethics)","level":3,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.05789","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.05789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.05789","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.05789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7654465436935425,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"steganography":[1,83,101,120,231],"is":[2,162],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"to":[5,26,40,54,78,88,132,156,179,185,204,219],"protect":[6],"user":[7],"privacy":[8],"and":[9,33,63,84,111,118,129,142,149,164,187,216,227],"enable":[10],"covert":[11,24],"communication.":[12],"However,":[13],"it":[14],"can":[15],"also":[16],"be":[17],"abused":[18],"by":[19],"the":[20,58,75,85,223],"adversary":[21],"as":[22],"a":[23,48,61,70,137,169,213],"channel":[25],"bypass":[27],"content":[28],"moderation,":[29],"disseminate":[30],"harmful":[31,80,126],"semantics,":[32],"even":[34],"hide":[35],"malicious":[36,134],"instructions":[37,131],"in":[38,173,230],"images":[39],"elicit":[41],"dangerous":[42],"outputs":[43],"from":[44],"large":[45],"models,":[46],"posing":[47],"practical":[49],"security":[50],"risk":[51],"that":[52,73,146],"continues":[53],"evolve.":[55],"To":[56],"address":[57],"lack":[59],"of":[60,140],"unified":[62],"systematic":[64,71],"evaluation":[65],"framework,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"SADBench,":[69],"benchmark":[72],"assesses":[74],"adversary's":[76],"ability":[77,87],"inject":[79],"secrets":[81],"via":[82,207],"defender's":[86],"detect":[89],"such":[90],"threats":[91,190],"through":[92],"steganalysis.":[93],"Crucially,":[94],"SADBench":[95,144,211],"comprises":[96],"$4$":[97],"core":[98],"tasks,":[99],"namely":[100],"attack":[102],"capability":[103,107],"evaluation,":[104,108,110],"steganalysis":[105],"defense":[106],"efficiency":[109],"transferability":[112,174],"evaluation.":[113],"It":[114],"evaluates":[115],"both":[116],"image-payload":[117],"text-payload":[119],"across":[121],"diverse":[122],"cover":[123],"distributions,":[124],"utilizing":[125],"visual":[127],"semantics":[128],"toxic":[130],"simulate":[133],"attacks.":[135],"Across":[136],"broad":[138],"set":[139],"attacks":[141,176],"detectors,":[143],"reveals":[145],"(i)":[147],"INN":[148],"autoencoder-based":[150],"methods":[151],"demonstrate":[152],"superior":[153],"stability":[154],"compared":[155],"other":[157],"architectures,":[158],"(ii)":[159],"in-domain":[160],"detection":[161],"near-perfect":[163],"cheaper":[165],"than":[166],"generation,":[167],"(iii)":[168],"critical":[170],"asymmetry":[171],"exists":[172],"where":[175,195],"robustly":[177],"generalize":[178],"new":[180],"distributions":[181],"while":[182],"detectors":[183],"fail":[184],"adapt,":[186],"(iv)":[188],"real-world":[189],"persist":[191],"on":[192],"social":[193],"media,":[194],"payloads":[196],"either":[197],"survive":[198],"minimal":[199],"compression":[200,206],"or":[201],"effectively":[202],"adapt":[203],"aggressive":[205],"simulated":[208],"training.":[209],"Overall,":[210],"establishes":[212],"systematic,":[214],"reproducible,":[215],"extensible":[217],"framework":[218],"quantify":[220],"risks,":[221],"paving":[222],"way":[224],"for":[225],"measurable":[226],"security-driven":[228],"advancements":[229],"defense.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-09T00:00:00"}
