{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160539690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.04606","title":"Reference-based Category Discovery: Unsupervised Object Detection with Category Awareness","display_name":"Reference-based Category Discovery: Unsupervised Object Detection with Category Awareness","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160539690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.04606"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.04606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.04606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.04606","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135620995","display_name":"Yichen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Yichen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135561936","display_name":"Qiankun Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Qiankun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135591209","display_name":"Ying Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-694X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu, Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.49570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.49570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.1736000031232834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.11500000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6347000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.6003000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5422000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4918999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.3562999963760376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7405999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6347000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.6003000140190125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5422000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4918999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.04606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.04606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.04606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.04606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"one-shot":[1,80],"detection":[2,54,107,125],"methods":[3,25,74,81],"have":[4],"addressed":[5],"the":[6,13,97],"closed-set":[7],"problem":[8],"in":[9,136],"object":[10],"detection,":[11],"but":[12],"high":[14],"cost":[15],"of":[16,99,121],"data":[17],"annotation":[18],"remains":[19],"a":[20,88,113],"critical":[21],"challenge.":[22],"General":[23],"unsupervised":[24,49,73,138],"generate":[26],"pseudo":[27],"boxes":[28],"without":[29,55,108,141],"category":[30,77,134,142],"labels,":[31],"thus":[32],"failing":[33],"to":[34,94],"achieve":[35],"category-aware":[36,122],"classification.":[37],"To":[38],"overcome":[39],"these":[40],"limitations,":[41],"we":[42],"propose":[43],"Reference-based":[44],"Category":[45],"Discovery":[46],"(RefCD),":[47],"an":[48,137],"detector":[50],"that":[51,75],"enables":[52],"category-aware\\footnotemark[1]":[53],"any":[56],"manually":[57],"annotated":[58],"labels.":[59,143],"It":[60],"leverages":[61],"feature":[62,91],"similarity":[63,92],"between":[64],"predicted":[65],"objects":[66],"and":[67,79,118,123,130],"unlabeled":[68],"reference":[69,109],"images.":[70],"Unlike":[71],"previous":[72],"lack":[76],"guidance":[78],"which":[82],"require":[83],"labeled":[84],"data,":[85],"RefCD":[86,104,131],"introduces":[87],"carefully":[89],"designed":[90],"loss":[93],"explicitly":[95],"guide":[96],"learning":[98],"potential":[100],"category-specific":[101],"features.":[102],"Additionally,":[103],"supports":[105],"category-agnostic":[106,124],"images,":[110],"serving":[111],"as":[112],"unified":[114],"framework.":[115],"Comprehensive":[116],"quantitative":[117],"qualitative":[119],"analysis":[120],"results":[126],"demonstrates":[127],"its":[128],"effectiveness,":[129],"can":[132],"learn":[133],"information":[135],"paradigm":[139],"even":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-08T00:00:00"}