{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160448569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03770","title":"Firmware Distribution as Attack Surface: A Security Study of ASIC Cryptocurrency Miners","display_name":"Firmware Distribution as Attack Surface: A Security Study of ASIC Cryptocurrency Miners","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160448569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03770"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.03770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03770","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114477106","display_name":"Pierre Pouliquen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pouliquen, Pierre","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003839309","display_name":"Hadrien Barral","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barral, Hadrien","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112710845","display_name":"David Naccache","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8651-6555"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naccache, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135426911","display_name":"Thibaut Heckmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heckmann, Thibaut","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135451877","display_name":"Antoine Houssais","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houssais, Antoine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.6668000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.6668000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.1704999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.048900000751018524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.9678999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5978000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.5918999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4442000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4075999855995178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.9678999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5978000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.5918999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4442000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4075999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22174128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175869","display_name":"Microcode","level":2,"score":0.4072999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.03770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.03770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5239063501358032,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ASIC":[0,192],"cryptocurrency":[1],"miners":[2,92,142],"are":[3,104],"a":[4,28,51,180],"core":[5],"component":[6],"of":[7,41,61,90,141],"blockchain":[8],"infrastructures,":[9],"directly":[10],"converting":[11],"computation":[12],"and":[13,58,78,113,138,162],"energy":[14],"into":[15,167],"monetary":[16],"value.":[17],"Despite":[18],"their":[19,22],"economic":[20],"importance,":[21],"security":[23,111],"is":[24],"rarely":[25],"evaluated":[26],"in":[27,190],"structured":[29],"manner.":[30],"In":[31,123],"this":[32,74],"paper,":[33],"we":[34,76],"show":[35],"that":[36,85,100,129,154,163,174],"the":[37,56,139,186,191],"firmware":[38,64,81,101,136,175],"distribution":[39,176],"ecosystem":[40],"mining":[42,193],"devices":[43,152],"fundamentally":[44],"challenges":[45],"existing":[46],"trust":[47],"assumptions.":[48],"We":[49],"introduce":[50],"scalable":[52],"methodology":[53],"based":[54],"on":[55,149],"collection":[57],"static":[59],"analysis":[60,126],"publicly":[62,155],"distributed":[63,156],"artifacts,":[65],"requiring":[66],"neither":[67],"device":[68],"access":[69],"nor":[70],"runtime":[71],"interaction.":[72],"Applying":[73],"approach,":[75],"reconstruct":[77,114],"analyze":[79],"134":[80],"images":[82],"spanning":[83],"manufacturers":[84],"account":[86],"for":[87],"over":[88,145],"99%":[89],"deployed":[91,160],"(Bitmain,":[93],"MicroBT,":[94],"Canaan,":[95],"Iceriver).":[96],"Our":[97],"results":[98],"reveal":[99],"artifacts":[102,157],"alone":[103],"sufficient":[105],"to":[106,119,188],"recover":[107],"internal":[108],"architecture,":[109],"identify":[110],"weaknesses,":[112],"complete":[115],"attack":[116,133,168,182],"paths":[117],"leading":[118],"high-impact":[120],"adversarial":[121],"objectives.":[122],"particular,":[124],"our":[125,171],"reveals":[127],"vulnerabilities":[128],"enable":[130],"realistic":[131],"large-scale":[132],"scenarios,":[134],"including":[135],"phishing":[137],"exploitation":[140],"still":[143],"operating":[144],"Stratum":[146],"V1.":[147],"Validation":[148],"two":[150],"real":[151],"confirms":[153],"closely":[158],"reflect":[159],"software":[161],"these":[164],"weaknesses":[165],"translate":[166],"capabilities.":[169],"Overall,":[170],"study":[172],"shows":[173],"mechanisms":[177],"themselves":[178],"constitute":[179],"primary":[181],"surface,":[183],"significantly":[184],"lowering":[185],"barrier":[187],"compromise":[189],"ecosystem.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-07T00:00:00"}