{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160408789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03356","title":"POSTCONDBENCH: Benchmarking Correctness and Completeness in Formal Postcondition Inference","display_name":"POSTCONDBENCH: Benchmarking Correctness and Completeness in Formal Postcondition Inference","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160408789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03356"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.03356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03356","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135462676","display_name":"Gehao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Gehao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135448920","display_name":"Juan Zhai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhai, Juan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.5529999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.5529999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.2727999985218048,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.04039999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8779000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/completeness","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.46309998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.3391999900341034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8779000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.829800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7508999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.46309998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95203288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221682","display_name":"Semaphore","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98183937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112188","display_name":"Program analysis","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779639559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661178","display_name":"Symbolic execution","level":3,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2333172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425985","display_name":"Preorder","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.03356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.03356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5270676016807556},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4265497624874115}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Formal":[0],"postconditions":[1,28],"precisely":[2],"characterize":[3],"program":[4],"behavior":[5],"and":[6,10,18,31,85,115,148,161,163,168],"support":[7],"debugging,":[8],"testing,":[9],"verification,":[11],"but":[12],"writing":[13],"them":[14],"requires":[15],"substantial":[16,157],"expertise":[17],"effort.":[19],"This":[20],"has":[21],"motivated":[22],"recent":[23],"work":[24],"on":[25,56,62,138],"automatically":[26],"generating":[27],"from":[29,78,89],"code":[30],"natural-language":[32],"artifacts":[33],"using":[34],"large":[35],"language":[36],"models":[37],"(LLMs).":[38],"However,":[39],"evaluation":[40,52],"remains":[41],"a":[42,70,96,111,121,156],"key":[43],"bottleneck.":[44],"Existing":[45],"benchmarks":[46],"primarily":[47],"emphasize":[48],"correctness":[49,160],"under":[50],"limited":[51],"settings,":[53],"often":[54],"relying":[55],"surface-form":[57],"matching":[58],"or":[59,64],"manual":[60],"assessment":[61],"small":[63],"synthetic":[65],"datasets.":[66],"We":[67],"introduce":[68],"POSTCONDBENCH,":[69,142],"multilingual":[71],"benchmark":[72],"for":[73],"evaluating":[74],"method-level":[75],"postcondition":[76,99,122],"generation":[77,146],"real-world":[79],"software.":[80],"POSTCONDBENCH":[81,109],"comprises":[82],"420":[83],"Python":[84],"Java":[86],"tasks":[87],"drawn":[88],"121":[90],"open-source":[91],"projects,":[92],"each":[93],"paired":[94],"with":[95,102],"high-quality":[97],"ground-truth":[98],"set":[100,123],"constructed":[101],"expert":[103],"involvement.":[104],"To":[105],"enable":[106],"automatic":[107],"evaluation,":[108],"provides":[110],"runnable":[112],"execution":[113],"environment":[114],"operationalizes":[116],"completeness":[117],"via":[118],"defect":[119],"discrimination:":[120],"is":[124,129],"more":[125,132],"complete":[126],"if":[127],"it":[128],"violated":[130],"by":[131],"defective":[133],"implementations":[134],"while":[135],"remaining":[136],"satisfied":[137],"correct":[139],"executions.":[140],"Using":[141],"we":[143],"formulate":[144],"three":[145],"settings":[147],"evaluate":[149],"five":[150],"SOTA":[151],"LLMs.":[152],"Our":[153],"results":[154],"reveal":[155],"gap":[158],"between":[159],"completeness,":[162],"show":[164],"that":[165],"repository-level":[166],"dependencies":[167],"method":[169],"complexity":[170],"exacerbate":[171],"this":[172],"gap.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-07T00:00:00"}