{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160398522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03304","title":"Will the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Impact European Electricity Prices? A GNN-Based Network Analysis","display_name":"Will the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Impact European Electricity Prices? A GNN-Based Network Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160398522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03304"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.03304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03304","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135422737","display_name":"Jiachen Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen, Jiachen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135430570","display_name":"Jian Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi, Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135491137","display_name":"Dan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Dan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135445191","display_name":"Han Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Han","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.26350000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.26350000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.16169999539852142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.16140000522136688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.7587000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spillover-effect","display_name":"Spillover effect","score":0.4530999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-market","display_name":"Electricity market","score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-system","display_name":"Electricity system","score":0.426800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mains-electricity","display_name":"Mains electricity","score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.3133000135421753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.7587000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55527203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334194","display_name":"Spillover effect","level":2,"score":0.4530999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992120494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electricity system","level":4,"score":0.426800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.40720000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.37220001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184773241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387400","display_name":"Mains electricity","level":3,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16051113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828814","display_name":"Market share","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.03304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.03304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.03304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"European":[1,15,69],"Union's":[2],"Carbon":[3],"Border":[4],"Adjustment":[5],"Mechanism":[6],"(CBAM)":[7],"creates":[8,93],"a":[9,41,65,79,86,111,116,130,142],"complex":[10],"challenge":[11],"for":[12,30],"the":[13,23,60,90,138,146],"interconnected":[14],"electricity":[16,53,122],"market.":[17],"Traditional":[18],"static":[19],"analyses":[20],"often":[21],"miss":[22],"cross-border":[24],"spillover":[25],"effects":[26],"that":[27,74,88,102],"are":[28],"vital":[29],"understanding":[31],"this":[32,37],"policy.":[33],"This":[34,114],"paper":[35],"addresses":[36],"gap":[38],"by":[39],"developing":[40],"spatio-temporal":[42],"Graph":[43],"Neural":[44],"Network":[45],"(GNN)":[46],"framework.":[47],"It":[48],"quantifies":[49],"how":[50],"CBAM":[51,75],"affects":[52],"prices":[54],"and":[55,92,107],"carbon":[56],"intensity":[57],"(CI)":[58],"at":[59],"same":[61],"time.":[62],"We":[63,136],"modeled":[64],"subgraph":[66],"of":[67,133],"eight":[68],"countries.":[70],"Our":[71],"results":[72],"suggest":[73],"is":[76],"not":[77],"just":[78],"uniform":[80],"tax.":[81],"Instead,":[82],"it":[83],"acts":[84],"as":[85,141],"tool":[87],"transforms":[89],"market":[91],"structural":[94],"differences.":[95],"In":[96],"our":[97],"simulated":[98],"scenarios,":[99],"we":[100],"observe":[101],"low-carbon":[103],"countries":[104,126],"like":[105,127],"France":[106],"Switzerland":[108],"can":[109],"gain":[110],"competitive":[112],"advantage.":[113],"suggests":[115],"potential":[117],"decrease":[118],"in":[119,145],"their":[120],"domestic":[121],"prices.":[123],"Meanwhile,":[124],"high-carbon":[125],"Poland":[128],"face":[129],"double":[131],"burden":[132],"rising":[134],"costs.":[135],"identify":[137],"primary":[139],"driver":[140],"fundamental":[143],"shift":[144],"market's":[147],"merit":[148],"order.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-07T00:00:00"}