{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160442207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.02921","title":"EvoJail: Evolutionary Diverse Jailbreak Prompt Generation for Large Language Models","display_name":"EvoJail: Evolutionary Diverse Jailbreak Prompt Generation for Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160442207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.02921"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.02921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.02921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.02921","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135498162","display_name":"Rui Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tang, Rui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115755673","display_name":"Kaiyu Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Kaiyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135435064","display_name":"Pengsen Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng, Pengsen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135496476","display_name":"Hao Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren, Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135497473","display_name":"Haizhou Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Haizhou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041917148","display_name":"Shuyu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4711-4112"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang, Shuyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.607699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.607699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.1826999932527542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.019999999552965164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.7806000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.6586999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-and-incremental-development","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","score":0.4821999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4032000005245209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.7806000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7156000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6586999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.4821999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.47859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.46779999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199505168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3267529","display_name":"Evolutionary robotics","level":3,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121835503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596288","display_name":"Evolutionary programming","level":3,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776904630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356336","display_name":"Adept","level":3,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.02921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.02921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.02921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.02921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.40347400307655334,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"LLMs":[1],"continue":[2],"to":[3,12,34,90,146,149,160,197],"shape":[4],"real-world":[5],"applications,":[6],"automated":[7],"jailbreak":[8,22,69,74,93,110],"generation":[9,23,70,76,112,144],"becomes":[10],"essential":[11],"reveal":[13],"safety":[14],"weaknesses":[15],"and":[16,46,83,102,131,134,165,212,220],"guide":[17],"model":[18,44,100,130,150],"improvement.":[19],"Existing":[20],"automatic":[21],"methods":[24],"have":[25],"not":[26],"yet":[27],"fully":[28],"considered":[29],"two":[30],"important":[31],"aspects:":[32],"adaptability":[33,211],"evolving":[35],"safety-finetuned":[36],"models,":[37],"which":[38,51],"affects":[39],"their":[40],"effectiveness":[41],"on":[42,137],"newer":[43],"versions,":[45],"diversity":[47,200,226],"in":[48,225],"generated":[49],"prompts,":[50],"can":[52,96,213],"cause":[53],"narrow":[54],"or":[55],"repetitive":[56],"attack":[57,105,217],"patterns.":[58,106],"To":[59,152],"address":[60],"these":[61],"issues,":[62],"we":[63],"propose":[64],"EvoJail,":[65],"an":[66,114],"instruction-fusion-driven":[67],"evolutionary":[68,88,116,171,203],"framework":[71],"that":[72,95,190,207],"formalizes":[73],"prompt":[75,111,192],"as":[77],"a":[78],"multi-objective":[79],"black-box":[80],"optimization":[81],"problem":[82],"leverages":[84],"the":[85,128,138,143,170,175,202],"principles":[86],"of":[87],"algorithms":[89],"search":[91,176],"for":[92],"prompts":[94,123,178],"adapt":[97,148],"across":[98],"different":[99,195],"versions":[101],"exhibit":[103],"diverse":[104,162],"Specifically,":[107],"EvoJail":[108,155,208],"integrates":[109],"into":[113,169],"iterative":[115],"loop,":[117],"where":[118],"at":[119,194],"each":[120],"iteration":[121],"candidate":[122],"are":[124],"evaluated":[125],"directly":[126],"against":[127],"target":[129,139],"then":[132],"selected":[133],"varied":[135],"based":[136],"model's":[140],"responses,":[141],"enabling":[142],"process":[145],"continuously":[147],"updates.":[151],"enhance":[153],"diversity,":[154],"introduces":[156],"field-aware":[157],"instruction":[158],"fusion":[159],"construct":[161],"starting":[163],"points":[164],"incorporates":[166],"diversity-aware":[167],"objectives":[168],"fitness":[172],"function,":[173],"guiding":[174],"toward":[177],"with":[179],"richer":[180],"semantic":[181],"variation,":[182],"while":[183],"further":[184],"designing":[185],"multi-level":[186],"LLM-based":[187],"mutation":[188],"operators":[189],"modify":[191],"structures":[193],"granularities":[196],"promote":[198],"structural":[199],"throughout":[201],"process.":[204],"Results":[205],"demonstrate":[206],"has":[209],"stronger":[210],"achieve":[214],"over":[215,228],"$93\\%$":[216],"success":[218],"rate":[219],"more":[221],"than":[222],"$5.6\\%$":[223],"improvement":[224],"metrics":[227],"state-of-the-art":[229],"methods.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-07T00:00:00"}