{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160243697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.02050","title":"Principles and Guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials in AI Evaluation","display_name":"Principles and Guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials in AI Evaluation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160243697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.02050"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.02050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.02050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.02050","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135336763","display_name":"Christopher Kelly","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly, Christopher","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135317229","display_name":"Angelica Chowdhury","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chowdhury, Angelica","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135389780","display_name":"Alexandra Campili","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Campili, Alexandra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085242058","display_name":"Bimpe Ayoola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1802-9819"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayoola, Bimpe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135373730","display_name":"Devin Barbour","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbour, Devin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135371489","display_name":"Thomas Chen Dawson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawson, Thomas Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128897806","display_name":"Ze Shen Chin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin, Ze Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135369118","display_name":"Rokas Gipi\u0161kis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gipi\u0161kis, Rokas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.3693000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.3693000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.2565000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.14350000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.6165000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blueprint","display_name":"Blueprint","score":0.6144000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience","display_name":"Openness to experience","score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubric","display_name":"Rubric","score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position-paper","display_name":"Position paper","score":0.4163999855518341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.6165000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422321","display_name":"Blueprint","level":2,"score":0.6144000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111640148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847349","display_name":"Rubric","level":2,"score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7233193","display_name":"Position paper","level":2,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777655017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501161","display_name":"Toolbox","level":2,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71008984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2890076","display_name":"Rigour","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779962950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659376","display_name":"Harmonization","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.02050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.02050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.02050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.02050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,135],"work":[1],"establishes":[2],"a":[3,94,108,138,147],"framework":[4,136],"for":[5,59,64,90,97,103,110,129],"standardizing":[6],"AI":[7,65,91,119],"evaluation":[8,66,92,101,120],"RCTs":[9],"(sometimes":[10],"called":[11],"human":[12],"uplift":[13],"studies).":[14],"Drawing":[15],"on":[16,47,117],"established":[17,22,41],"practices":[18],"from":[19,40],"disciplines":[20],"with":[21,72],"RCT":[23,67],"traditions,":[24],"including":[25],"software":[26],"engineering,":[27],"economics,":[28],"clinical":[29],"and":[30,33,44,50,76,83,107,126,146],"health":[31],"sciences,":[32],"psychology,":[34],"we":[35],"synthesize":[36],"five":[37],"principles":[38,82],"drawn":[39],"validity":[42],"frameworks":[43],"open-science":[45],"standards":[46,125],"transparency,":[48],"repeatability,":[49],"verification,":[51],"which":[52],"together":[53],"serve":[54],"as":[55,70,85,113],"the":[56,81,114],"conceptual":[57,149],"foundation":[58],"33":[60],"actionable":[61,152],"guidelines":[62,84],"adapted":[63],"contexts,":[68],"expressed":[69],"requirements":[71],"rationales,":[73],"implementation":[74],"instructions,":[75],"evidence":[77],"bases.":[78],"We":[79],"position":[80],"serving":[86],"three":[87],"key":[88],"roles":[89],"RCTs:":[93],"design":[95],"tool":[96],"planning":[98],"studies,":[99],"an":[100],"rubric":[102],"assessing":[104],"existing":[105],"work,":[106],"blueprint":[109],"standard":[111],"setting":[112],"field":[115],"converges":[116],"norms.":[118],"research":[121],"currently":[122],"lacks":[123],"common":[124],"shared":[127,148],"vocabulary":[128],"producing":[130],"cumulative,":[131],"comparable,":[132],"policy-ready":[133],"evidence.":[134],"is":[137],"contribution":[139],"toward":[140],"that":[141],"foundation,":[142],"providing":[143],"evaluative":[144],"criteria":[145],"language":[150],"alongside":[151],"guidelines.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-05-06T00:00:00"}