{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7159630445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27933","title":"Synthetic Biological Intelligence: System-Level Abstractions and Adaptive Bio-Digital Interaction","display_name":"Synthetic Biological Intelligence: System-Level Abstractions and Adaptive Bio-Digital Interaction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7159630445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27933"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27933","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120093177","display_name":"Martin Schottlender","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Schottlender, Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004089689","display_name":"Pengjie Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5119-3522"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Pengjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134934941","display_name":"Veronika Volkova","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Volkova, Veronika","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134954458","display_name":"Fatima Rani","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rani, Fatima","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134974293","display_name":"Ruifeng Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng, Ruifeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010614369","display_name":"Juan A. Cabrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7525-2670"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cabrera, Juan A.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134935915","display_name":"Frank H. P. Fitzek","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fitzek, Frank H. P.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010132203","display_name":"Pit Hofmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-6017"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hofmann, Pit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120093177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.17110000550746918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.17110000550746918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.14970000088214874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.06549999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.8151999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.7628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4846000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.34689998626708984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8151999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.7628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7511000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4846000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201797286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914986","display_name":"Biological data","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205427263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931480","display_name":"Neuroinformatics","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28225019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915005","display_name":"Biological network","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27933","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8879992365837097,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Concurrent":[0],"advances":[1],"across":[2,71,194],"fields":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5,117,184],"organoid":[6],"technology,":[7,57],"Microelectrode":[8],"Arrays":[9],"(MEAs),":[10],"neuromorphic":[11],"computing,":[12],"and":[13,44,75,90,102,126,133,150,171,189,199],"machine":[14],"learning":[15],"have":[16],"given":[17],"rise":[18],"to":[19,30,46,66,94,120,154,166],"a":[20,52,122,138,185,191],"groundbreaking":[21],"research":[22],"paradigm:":[23],"Synthetic":[24],"Biological":[25,36],"Intelligence":[26],"(SBI).":[27],"SBI":[28,111,149,170,183],"refers":[29],"engineered":[31],"systems":[32],"in":[33,51,60,97],"which":[34],"living":[35],"Neural":[37],"Networks":[38],"(BNNs)":[39],"are":[40,124],"interfaced":[41],"with":[42],"hardware":[43],"software":[45],"perform":[47],"task-oriented":[48],"information":[49],"processing":[50],"closed":[53],"loop.":[54],"This":[55,180],"cutting-edge":[56],"while":[58],"still":[59],"its":[61,178],"infancy,":[62],"has":[63,113,136],"the":[64,85,115,118,142,146,152,162,167,172],"potential":[65],"deliver":[67],"highly":[68],"efficient":[69],"performance":[70],"both":[72],"computing":[73],"capabilities":[74],"energy":[76],"consumption.":[77],"The":[78,105,128],"early":[79],"stage":[80],"of":[81,108,130,148,169],"this":[82,158],"field":[83],"underscores":[84],"need":[86],"for":[87,141],"reliable":[88],"multi-scale":[89],"cross-domain":[91],"interaction":[92,187],"interfaces":[93,175],"support":[95],"applications":[96],"robotics,":[98],"biomedicine,":[99],"signal":[100],"processing,":[101],"neuroscience":[103],"research.":[104],"hitherto":[106],"lack":[107],"commercially":[109],"available":[110],"platforms":[112],"slowed":[114],"development,":[116],"conditions":[119],"produce":[121],"testbed":[123,174],"expensive":[125],"cumbersome.":[127],"introduction":[129],"standardized,":[131],"platform-":[132],"cloud-integrated":[134],"BNNs":[135],"been":[137],"crucial":[139],"catalyst":[140],"scientific":[143],"community,":[144],"improving":[145],"accessibility":[147],"leading":[151],"way":[153],"further":[155],"developments.":[156],"In":[157],"survey,":[159],"we":[160],"summarize":[161],"innovations":[163],"that":[164,176],"contributed":[165],"emergence":[168],"first":[173],"enabled":[177],"embodiment.":[179],"work":[181],"reframes":[182],"bio-digital":[186],"system":[188,197],"introduces":[190],"unified":[192],"protocol":[193],"encoding,":[195],"decoding,":[196],"engineering,":[198],"benchmarking.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-04T08:30:34.212998","created_date":"2026-05-02T00:00:00"}
