{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7159651561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27713","title":"Knowledge Graph Representations for LLM-Based Policy Compliance Reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge Graph Representations for LLM-Based Policy Compliance Reasoning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7159651561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27713"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27713","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123069619","display_name":"Wilder Baldwin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baldwin, Wilder","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134932115","display_name":"Sepideh Ghanavati","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghanavati, Sepideh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.6467999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.6467999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.04859999939799309,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.04149999842047691,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.6923999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.4828000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-logic","display_name":"Description logic","score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compliance","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"Automated reasoning","score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.3675999939441681}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.6923999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6704000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4828000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.4172999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37335422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888134","display_name":"Model-based reasoning","level":3,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4970645308494568,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"risks":[1],"posed":[2],"by":[3],"AI":[4,25,43,58],"features":[5],"are":[6,10],"increasing":[7],"as":[8],"they":[9],"rapidly":[11],"integrated":[12],"into":[13],"software":[14],"applications.":[15],"In":[16,29],"response,":[17],"regulations":[18],"and":[19,23,46,65,89,100],"standards":[20],"for":[21,96],"safe":[22],"secure":[24],"have":[26],"been":[27],"proposed.":[28],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"we":[32],"present":[33],"an":[34,90,101],"agentic":[35],"framework":[36],"that":[37],"constructs":[38],"knowledge":[39],"graphs":[40],"(KGs)":[41],"from":[42,56,79],"policy":[44,72],"documents":[45],"retrieves":[47],"policy-relevant":[48],"information":[49],"to":[50,82],"answer":[51],"questions.":[52],"We":[53],"build":[54],"KGs":[55],"three":[57],"risk-related":[59],"polices":[60],"under":[61],"two":[62],"ontology":[63],"schemas,":[64],"then":[66],"evaluate":[67],"five":[68,98],"LLMs":[69],"on":[70],"42":[71],"QA":[73],"tasks":[74],"spanning":[75],"six":[76],"reasoning":[77],"types,":[78],"entity":[80],"lookup":[81],"cross-policy":[83],"inference,":[84],"using":[85],"both":[86],"heuristic":[87],"scoring":[88],"LLM-as-judge.":[91],"KG":[92],"augmentation":[93],"improves":[94],"scores":[95],"all":[97],"models,":[99],"open,":[102],"LLM-discovered":[103],"schema":[104],"matches":[105],"or":[106],"exceeds":[107],"the":[108],"formal":[109],"ontology.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-02T00:00:00"}
