{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7159618164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27659","title":"Back to the Future: Rethinking Endorsement in Order-Execute Blockchains","display_name":"Back to the Future: Rethinking Endorsement in Order-Execute Blockchains","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7159618164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27659"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27659","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134969593","display_name":"Rongji Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Rongji","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134944805","display_name":"Yifeng Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye, Yifeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087174570","display_name":"Gerui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3378-8861"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Gerui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134934569","display_name":"Mingchao Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wan, Mingchao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134976369","display_name":"Yuxing Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duan, Yuxing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134931357","display_name":"Jingjing Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Jingjing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134969625","display_name":"Guangtao Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue, Guangtao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134935244","display_name":"Shengyun Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Shengyun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.7785000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.7785000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.17630000412464142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.014499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.6499000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6407999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.5644000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-work-system","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.39899998903274536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.6499000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6407999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.5644000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5432000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123436394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249984","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","level":3,"score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44350001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86532276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184065","display_name":"Delegation","level":2,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52723943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127410","display_name":"Serialization","level":2,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701521","display_name":"Collusion","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147224247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q885373","display_name":"Bloom filter","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167149655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1189004","display_name":"Software transactional memory","level":4,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18460168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416707","display_name":"Event calculus","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7987120747566223,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,24,110,129,198],"regulatory":[2],"compliance":[3],"and":[4,46,48,53,103,119,142,166],"governance":[5],"management,":[6],"modern":[7],"(permissioned)":[8],"blockchains":[9],"require":[10],"flexible":[11,30,112],"endorsement,":[12,31,47],"which":[13,40],"allows":[14],"the":[15,60,77,115,145,183,208],"endorsement":[16,113],"policy":[17],"for":[18,144],"each":[19],"contract":[20],"or":[21],"state":[22],"object":[23],"be":[25],"individually":[26],"defined.":[27],"To":[28,98],"enable":[29],"Hyperledger":[32],"Fabric":[33],"employs":[34],"an":[35,135,189,204],"execute-order-validate":[36],"(EOV)":[37],"paradigm,":[38],"in":[39,63,88,94,163,182,201],"transactions":[41,133],"first":[42],"undergo":[43],"speculative":[44],"execution":[45],"are":[49],"only":[50],"then":[51],"ordered":[52,136],"validated.":[54],"Meanwhile,":[55],"most":[56],"blockchain":[57],"systems,":[58],"including":[59],"platform":[61],"targeted":[62],"this":[64,150],"work":[65],"(i.e.,":[66],"ChainMaker),":[67],"still":[68,80],"follow":[69],"a":[70,122,156],"conflict-free":[71],"order-execute":[72,117],"framework.":[73,124],"We":[74,148],"argue":[75],"that":[76,194],"EOV":[78,205],"paradigm":[79],"faces":[81],"several":[82],"limitations,":[83],"notably":[84],"high":[85],"abort":[86],"rates":[87],"high-contention":[89],"workloads":[90],"such":[91],"as":[92],"those":[93],"Decentralized":[95],"Finance":[96],"(DeFi).":[97],"avoid":[99],"refactoring":[100],"our":[101,164],"system":[102],"better":[104],"suit":[105],"DeFi":[106],"applications,":[107],"we":[108],"try":[109],"integrate":[111],"into":[114,174],"classical":[116],"architecture":[118],"accordingly":[120],"propose":[121,168],"new":[123],"The":[125],"key":[126],"challenge":[127],"is":[128],"deterministically":[130],"remove":[131],"problematic":[132],"from":[134],"list,":[137],"while":[138],"preserving":[139],"censorship":[140],"resistance":[141],"decentralization":[143],"remaining":[146],"ones.":[147],"instantiate":[149],"framework":[151],"on":[152,207],"top":[153],"of":[154],"Tendermint,":[155],"seminal":[157],"Byzantine":[158],"fault-tolerant":[159],"(BFT)":[160],"protocol":[161],"adopted":[162],"system,":[165],"thereby":[167],"FlexTender.":[169],"By":[170],"elegantly":[171],"embedding":[172],"endorsements":[173],"consensus,":[175],"FlexTender":[176,195],"incurs":[177],"no":[178],"additional":[179],"messaging":[180],"overhead":[181],"normal":[184],"case.":[185],"Empirical":[186],"evaluation":[187],"using":[188],"Ethereum":[190],"USDT":[191],"workload":[192],"demonstrates":[193],"achieves":[196],"up":[197],"$10.6\\times$":[199],"speedup":[200],"throughput":[202],"over":[203],"simulation":[206],"same":[209],"platform.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-02T00:00:00"}