{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7159634791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27433","title":"Beyond One-Size-Fits-All Exercises: Personalizing Computer Science Worksheets with Large Language Models","display_name":"Beyond One-Size-Fits-All Exercises: Personalizing Computer Science Worksheets with Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7159634791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27433"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27433","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134993297","display_name":"Franco Ortiz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ortiz, Franco","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053683828","display_name":"Runlong Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1064-2333"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye, Runlong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017029944","display_name":"Michael Liut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-5302"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liut, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.3571999967098236,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.3571999967098236,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.22190000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.09369999915361404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalization","display_name":"Personalization","score":0.6431000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/think-aloud-protocol","display_name":"Think aloud protocol","score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-learning","display_name":"Personalized learning","score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-analysis","display_name":"Task analysis","score":0.3337000012397766}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7087000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.6431000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78821406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391810","display_name":"Think aloud protocol","level":3,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142039133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620943","display_name":"Personalized learning","level":5,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133112747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251931","display_name":"Protocol analysis","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27433","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.884724497795105,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"widely":[6],"applied":[7],"to":[8,36,44,225],"student-facing":[9],"educational":[10],"tools,":[11],"this":[12],"work":[13],"explores":[14],"their":[15,70],"use":[16],"in":[17,94,105,118,219],"supporting":[18],"instructors":[19],"by":[20,221],"presenting":[21],"a":[22,51,192],"practical":[23],"adaptation":[24],"of":[25,77],"the":[26,173,203],"Framework":[27],"for":[28,41],"Adaptive":[29],"Content":[30],"using":[31],"Educational":[32],"Technology":[33],"(FACET)":[34],"system":[35],"generate":[37],"personalized":[38,129,154],"instructional":[39,96,223],"materials":[40,92,130],"an":[42],"Introduction":[43],"Computer":[45],"Programming":[46],"(CS1)":[47],"course.":[48],"We":[49],"conducted":[50],"mixed-methods":[52],"study":[53],"with":[54,124,153],"409":[55],"first-year":[56],"computer":[57],"science":[58],"(CS)":[59],"students,":[60],"focusing":[61],"on":[62,69,101],"regular":[63],"expressions":[64],"(RegEx).":[65],"Students":[66],"were":[67],"assessed":[68],"knowledge":[71],"and":[72,81,98,108,171],"motivation,":[73],"classified":[74],"into":[75],"one":[76],"four":[78],"learner":[79,102],"profiles,":[80],"assigned":[82],"either":[83],"LLM-personalized":[84],"(treatment)":[85],"or":[86],"standard":[87,115,180],"non-adaptive":[88],"(control)":[89],"exercises.":[90,181],"Personalized":[91],"varied":[93],"scaffolding,":[95],"explicitness,":[97],"tone":[99,170],"based":[100],"profiles":[103],"grounded":[104],"Bloom's":[106],"Taxonomy":[107],"Self-Determination":[109],"Theory.":[110],"Quantitative":[111],"analysis":[112],"reveals":[113],"that":[114,159,185,210],"exercises":[116],"resulted":[117],"task":[119,196],"incompletion":[120],"among":[121,198],"low-knowledge":[122],"learners,":[123],"approximately":[125],"25-30%":[126],"incompletion,":[127],"whereas":[128],"sustained":[131],"near-universal":[132],"completion":[133],"(>99%)":[134],"across":[135],"all":[136],"profiles.":[137],"While":[138],"high-performing":[139],"students":[140,147,160,200],"experienced":[141],"ceiling":[142],"effects,":[143],"Low":[144],"Knowledge/Low":[145],"Motivation":[146],"achieved":[148],"significantly":[149],"higher":[150],"correctness":[151],"(+18.2%)":[152],"support.":[155],"Survey":[156],"data":[157],"indicate":[158],"prioritize":[161],"structural":[162],"scaffolding":[163],"(logical":[164],"sequence,":[165],"difficulty":[166],"pacing)":[167],"over":[168],"motivational":[169],"perceive":[172],"adaptive":[174],"tasks":[175],"as":[176,179,191],"equally":[177],"challenging":[178],"These":[182],"findings":[183],"suggest":[184],"learner-profile-driven":[186],"LLM":[187,212],"personalization":[188],"primarily":[189],"serves":[190],"retention":[193],"scaffold,":[194],"preventing":[195],"abandonment":[197],"at-risk":[199],"without":[201],"diminishing":[202],"task's":[204],"\"desirable":[205],"difficulty\".":[206],"The":[207],"results":[208],"demonstrate":[209],"instructor-facing":[211],"systems":[213],"can":[214],"effectively":[215],"close":[216],"engagement":[217],"gaps":[218],"CS1":[220],"tailoring":[222],"explicitness":[224],"student":[226],"needs.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-02T00:00:00"}