{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7159568751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27092","title":"End-to-end autonomous scientific discovery on a real optical platform","display_name":"End-to-end autonomous scientific discovery on a real optical platform","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7159568751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27092"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27092","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134946303","display_name":"Shuxing Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Shuxing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134975737","display_name":"Fujia Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Fujia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134933648","display_name":"Rui Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Rui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134950526","display_name":"Junyao Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Junyao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101490326","display_name":"Yize Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-537X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yize","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134930743","display_name":"Haiyao Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo, Haiyao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134978386","display_name":"Ning Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han, Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079970521","display_name":"Qiaolu Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Qiaolu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104036170","display_name":"Yuze Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Yuze","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134954964","display_name":"Wenhao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Wenhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126154065","display_name":"Mingzhu Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Mingzhu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134992293","display_name":"Hongsheng Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Hongsheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134974449","display_name":"Yihao Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Yihao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.792900025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.792900025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.1120000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-discovery","display_name":"Scientific discovery","score":0.5828999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-agent","display_name":"Autonomous agent","score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-system","display_name":"Physical system","score":0.34470000863075256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984917352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12772819","display_name":"Scientific discovery","level":2,"score":0.5828999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116672817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454986","display_name":"Physical system","level":2,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.27092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.27092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scientific":[0],"research":[1,37,84,97,161],"has":[2,40],"long":[3],"been":[4],"human-led,":[5],"driving":[6],"new":[7],"knowledge":[8],"and":[9,19,88,95,108,122,163,169,216],"transformative":[10],"technologies":[11],"through":[12],"the":[13,135,206],"continual":[14],"revision":[15,109],"of":[16,104,138,141,209],"questions,":[17],"methods":[18],"claims":[20],"as":[21],"evidence":[22],"accumulates.":[23],"Although":[24],"large":[25],"language":[26],"model":[27],"(LLM)-based":[28],"agents":[29],"are":[30],"beginning":[31],"to":[32,92,132,180],"move":[33],"beyond":[34],"assisting":[35],"predefined":[36],"workflows,":[38],"none":[39],"yet":[41],"demonstrated":[42],"end-to-end":[43,71],"autonomous":[44,72,230],"discovery":[45,74],"in":[46,146,184],"a":[47,53,76,89,114,119,175,181,191,219,226],"real":[48,77],"physical":[49,176,223],"system":[50,69,213],"that":[51],"produces":[52],"nontrivial":[54],"result":[55],"supported":[56],"by":[57],"experimental":[58,129],"evidence.":[59],"Here":[60],"we":[61],"introduce":[62],"Qiushi":[63,80,166],"Discovery":[64],"Engine,":[65],"an":[66,124,147,210],"LLM-based":[67],"agentic":[68,212],"for":[70,198,228],"scientific":[73],"on":[75,118],"optical":[78,172,196],"platform.":[79],"Engine":[81,167],"combines":[82],"nonlinear":[83],"phases,":[85],"Meta-Trace":[86],"memory":[87],"dual-layer":[90],"architecture":[91],"maintain":[93],"adaptive":[94],"stable":[96],"trajectories":[98],"across":[99],"long-horizon":[100],"investigations":[101],"involving":[102,150],"thousands":[103],"LLM-mediated":[105],"reasoning,":[106],"measurement":[107],"actions.":[110],"It":[111],"autonomously":[112,214],"reproduces":[113],"published":[115],"transmission-matrix":[116],"experiment":[117],"non-original":[120],"platform":[121],"converts":[123],"abstract":[125],"coherence-order":[126,142],"theory":[127],"into":[128],"observables,":[130],"providing,":[131],"our":[133,202],"knowledge,":[134,203],"first":[136,207],"observation":[137],"this":[139,204],"class":[140],"structure.":[143],"More":[144],"importantly,":[145],"open-ended":[148],"study":[149],"145.9":[151],"million":[152],"tokens,":[153],"3,242":[154],"LLM":[155],"calls,":[156,159],"1,242":[157],"tool":[158],"163":[160],"notes":[162],"44":[164],"scripts,":[165],"proposes":[168],"experimentally":[170,217],"validates":[171],"bilinear":[173],"interaction,":[174],"mechanism":[177,189],"structurally":[178],"analogous":[179],"core":[182],"operation":[183],"Transformer":[185],"attention.":[186],"This":[187],"AI-discovered":[188],"suggests":[190],"route":[192],"towards":[193],"high-speed,":[194],"energy-efficient":[195],"hardware":[197],"pairwise":[199],"computation.":[200],"To":[201],"is":[205],"demonstration":[208],"AI":[211],"identifying":[215],"validating":[218],"nontrivial,":[220],"previously":[221],"unreported":[222],"mechanism,":[224],"marking":[225],"milestone":[227],"research-level":[229],"agents.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-02T00:00:00"}
