{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7158886938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.26865","title":"MLMC-qDRIFT: Multilevel Variance Reduction for Randomized Quantum Hamiltonian Simulation","display_name":"MLMC-qDRIFT: Multilevel Variance Reduction for Randomized Quantum Hamiltonian Simulation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7158886938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.26865"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.26865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.26865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.26865","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098485447","display_name":"Pegah Mohammadipour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0227-1310"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammadipour, Pegah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134898030","display_name":"Xiantao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Xiantao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.85589998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.85589998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.04879999905824661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12056","display_name":"Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Methods","score":0.03880000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.6960999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.6478999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-reduction","display_name":"Variance reduction","score":0.6448000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.6180999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.38749998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130787639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645293","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","level":2,"score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6960999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.6478999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62644790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454689","display_name":"Variance reduction","level":3,"score":0.6448000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.6180999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.554099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.5218999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52740198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539564","display_name":"Importance sampling","level":3,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26759999990463257}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.26865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.26865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.26865","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.26865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Simulating":[0],"quantum":[1,10],"dynamics":[2,209],"is":[3,79],"one":[4,60],"of":[5,9,18,31,74,121,143,196,202,221],"the":[6,72,141,144,171,176,185,200,211,217,222],"central":[7],"applications":[8],"computing.":[11],"For":[12],"Hamiltonians":[13],"written":[14],"as":[15,51,100],"a":[16,28,64,94,104,119,162],"sum":[17],"many":[19,87],"terms,":[20],"deterministic":[21],"Trotter--Suzuki":[22],"product":[23],"formulas":[24],"can":[25],"require":[26],"applying":[27],"large":[29,44],"number":[30,73,201],"term-wise":[32],"evolutions":[33],"at":[34],"each":[35,56],"time":[36],"step,":[37],"leading":[38],"to":[39,153,190],"high":[40,84],"circuit":[41,65,90,126],"costs":[42],"for":[43,81,109,180,207],"or":[45],"dense":[46],"systems.":[47],"Randomized":[48],"methods":[49],"such":[50],"qDRIFT":[52,78,110,122,187],"offer":[53],"an":[54],"alternative:":[55],"step":[57],"samples":[58,152],"only":[59,161],"Hamiltonian":[61,203],"term,":[62],"giving":[63],"depth":[66],"with":[67,124,148],"no":[68],"explicit":[69,197],"dependence":[70,198],"on":[71,156,164,199],"terms.":[75,204],"However,":[76],"when":[77],"used":[80],"observable":[82,182],"estimation,":[83],"precision":[85],"requires":[86],"independent":[88],"random":[89,135],"realizations,":[91],"resulting":[92,172],"in":[93],"total":[95,177],"gate":[96,178],"complexity":[97,179],"that":[98,111,170],"scales":[99],"$\\mathcal{O}(\\varepsilon^{-3})$.":[101],"We":[102,168],"introduce":[103],"multilevel":[105,223],"Monte":[106],"Carlo":[107],"framework":[108],"reduces":[112,175],"this":[113],"sampling":[114],"overhead.":[115],"The":[116],"method":[117],"constructs":[118],"hierarchy":[120],"estimators":[123],"increasing":[125],"depths":[127],"and":[128,160,215],"couples":[129],"adjacent":[130],"levels":[131],"by":[132],"sharing":[133],"their":[134],"Hamiltonian-term":[136],"samples.":[137],"This":[138],"coupling":[139],"makes":[140],"variance":[142,213],"level":[145],"differences":[146],"decay":[147,214],"depth,":[149],"allowing":[150],"most":[151],"be":[154],"taken":[155],"cheaper,":[157],"coarse":[158],"circuits":[159],"few":[163],"expensive,":[165],"fine":[166],"circuits.":[167],"prove":[169],"MLMC-qDRIFT":[173],"estimator":[174],"fixed-precision":[181],"estimation":[183],"from":[184],"standard":[186],"scaling":[188],"$\\mathcal{O}(\\varepsilon^{-3})$":[189],"$\\mathcal{O}(\\varepsilon^{-2}\\log^2(1/\\varepsilon))$,":[191],"while":[192],"preserving":[193],"qDRIFT's":[194],"lack":[195],"Numerical":[205],"experiments":[206],"spin-chain":[208],"confirm":[210],"predicted":[212],"demonstrate":[216],"practical":[218],"gate-count":[219],"savings":[220],"construction.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-01T00:00:00"}
