{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7158936271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.26411","title":"Unifying Runtime Monitoring Approaches for Safety-Critical Machine Learning: Application to Vision-Based Landing","display_name":"Unifying Runtime Monitoring Approaches for Safety-Critical Machine Learning: Application to Vision-Based Landing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7158936271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.26411"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.26411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.26411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.26411","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133973230","display_name":"Mathieu Dario","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario, Mathieu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098805146","display_name":"Florent Chenevier","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenevier, Florent","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025937527","display_name":"K\u00e9vin Delmas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-0332"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delmas, K\u00e9vin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133968027","display_name":"Joris Guerin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guerin, Joris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005603490","display_name":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie Guiochet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1285-8974"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guiochet, J\u00e9r\u00e9mie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7077999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7077999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.04050000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.033799998462200165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5321999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runway","display_name":"Runway","score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-monitoring","display_name":"Safety monitoring","score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.3012999892234802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6991999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5321999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81155309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184590","display_name":"Runway","level":2,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777488183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6900510","display_name":"Safety monitoring","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202973057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7380130","display_name":"Runtime verification","level":3,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200749887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165574","display_name":"System monitoring","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2653999924659729}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.26411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.26411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.26411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.26411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Runtime":[0],"monitoring":[1,36,106],"is":[2,17],"essential":[3],"to":[4],"ensure":[5],"the":[6,63,83],"safety":[7],"of":[8,85,105,111,118],"ML":[9],"applications":[10],"in":[11],"safety-critical":[12,95],"domains.":[13],"However,":[14],"current":[15],"research":[16],"fragmented,":[18],"with":[19,50,88,108],"independent":[20],"methods":[21],"emerging":[22],"from":[23,62],"different":[24,119],"communities.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27,86],"paper,":[28],"we":[29],"propose":[30],"a":[31,89],"unified":[32],"framework":[33,102],"categorising":[34],"runtime":[35],"approaches":[37],"into":[38],"three":[39],"distinct":[40],"types:":[41],"Operational":[42],"Design":[43],"Domain":[44],"(ODD)":[45],"monitoring,":[46,56,69],"which":[47,57,70],"ensures":[48],"compliance":[49],"expected":[51],"operating":[52],"conditions;":[53],"Out-of-Distribution":[54],"(OOD)":[55],"rejects":[58],"inputs":[59],"that":[60],"deviate":[61],"training":[64],"data;":[65],"and":[66,113,116],"Out-of-Model-Scope":[67],"(OMS)":[68],"detects":[71],"anomalous":[72],"model":[73],"behaviour":[74],"based":[75],"its":[76],"internal":[77],"states":[78],"or":[79],"outputs.":[80],"We":[81],"demonstrate":[82],"benefits":[84],"categorization":[87],"dedicated":[90],"experiment":[91],"on":[92],"an":[93],"aeronautical":[94],"application:":[96],"runway":[97],"detection":[98],"during":[99],"landing.":[100],"This":[101],"facilitates":[103],"design":[104],"activities,":[107],"complementary":[109],"categories":[110],"monitors,":[112],"enables":[114],"evaluation":[115],"comparison":[117],"monitors":[120],"using":[121],"common,":[122],"safety-oriented":[123],"metrics.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-01T00:00:00"}
