{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7158673454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25985","title":"Learning Neural Operator Surrogates for the Black Hole Accretion Code","display_name":"Learning Neural Operator Surrogates for the Black Hole Accretion Code","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7158673454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25985"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25985","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134893024","display_name":"Matthias N\u00e4gele","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N\u00e4gele, Matthias","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033919785","display_name":"Cedric B\u00f6s","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00f6s, Cedric","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104178137","display_name":"Chester Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan, Chester","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134918250","display_name":"Christian M. Fromm","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fromm, Christian M.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082884831","display_name":"Ingo Scholtes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-0216"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scholtes, Ingo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134928764","display_name":"Karl Mannheim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mannheim, Karl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.7179999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.7179999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.17499999701976776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.035599999129772186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetohydrodynamics","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamics","score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetohydrodynamic-drive","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamic drive","score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmoid","display_name":"Plasmoid","score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-mesh-refinement","display_name":"Adaptive mesh refinement","score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","score":0.36719998717308044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6873000264167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31532427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2549249","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamics","level":3,"score":0.5246000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.4884999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4814999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42471609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779048","display_name":"Magnetohydrodynamic drive","level":4,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146176613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626614","display_name":"Plasmoid","level":4,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131053463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680751","display_name":"Adaptive mesh refinement","level":2,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3781999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3756855","display_name":"Accretion (finance)","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145472833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284657","display_name":"Astrophysical jet","level":4,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43481613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46587","display_name":"Active galactic nucleus","level":3,"score":0.2639999985694885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"General-relativistic":[0],"magnetohydrodynamic":[1],"(GR-MHD)":[2],"simulations":[3],"are":[4],"essential":[5],"for":[6,30,204],"studying":[7],"black":[8],"hole":[9],"accretion,":[10],"relativistic":[11,146,183],"jets,":[12],"and":[13,73,149],"magnetic":[14],"reconnection,":[15],"yet":[16],"their":[17],"computational":[18],"cost":[19],"severely":[20],"limits":[21],"systematic":[22],"parameter":[23],"exploration.":[24],"We":[25],"investigate":[26,153],"neural":[27,142,212,238],"operator":[28,143,239],"surrogates":[29],"two":[31],"astrophysically":[32],"relevant":[33],"simulation":[34,106],"scenarios":[35],"produced":[36],"by":[37],"the":[38,55,62,71,79,93,97,121,131,135,150,154,179,198,202,221,233,250],"Black":[39],"Hole":[40],"Accretion":[41],"Code":[42],"(\\texttt{BHAC}).":[43],"First,":[44],"a":[45,66,116,139,166,237,242],"Physics":[46],"Informed":[47],"Fourier":[48],"Neural":[49,174],"Operator":[50,175],"(PINO)":[51],"is":[52,108,134,176,194,215],"trained":[53,119,177],"on":[54,120,178,197,241],"special-relativistic":[56,189],"resistive":[57,147],"MHD":[58,190,253],"(SRRMHD)":[59],"evolution":[60,180],"of":[61,68,112,138,156,169,181,217,220,236,252],"Orszag-Tang":[63],"vortex":[64],"over":[65],"range":[67],"resistivities":[69],"spanning":[70],"Sweet-Parker":[72],"fast":[74],"reconnection":[75],"regimes.":[76],"By":[77],"embedding":[78],"governing":[80],"equations":[81],"as":[82],"an":[83,171],"additional":[84],"loss":[85],"term":[86],"evaluated":[87],"at":[88,101],"finer":[89],"temporal":[90],"resolution":[91,244],"than":[92],"available":[94],"data":[95,107],"supervision,":[96],"model":[98,193,214],"learns":[99],"dynamics":[100],"time":[102],"steps":[103],"where":[104],"no":[105],"provided,":[109],"enabling":[110],"recovery":[111],"plasmoid":[113,161],"formation":[114,162],"that":[115],"data-only":[117],"baseline":[118],"same":[122],"sparse":[123],"snapshots":[124],"fails":[125],"to":[126,144,152,159,208],"reproduce.":[127],"To":[128,228],"our":[129,229],"knowledge,":[130,230],"present":[132],"work":[133],"first":[136,151,234],"application":[137,235],"physics":[140],"informed":[141],"special":[145],"MHD,":[148],"capability":[155],"such":[157],"models":[158],"resolve":[160],"in":[163,188,225,249],"SRRMHD.":[164],"In":[165],"second":[167],"line":[168],"investigation,":[170],"OFormer-style":[172],"Transformer":[173],"spine-sheath":[182],"jets":[184],"created":[185],"with":[186],"\\texttt{BHAC},":[187],"(SRMHD).":[191],"The":[192,211],"directly":[195,240],"applied":[196],"adaptive":[199,245],"mesh,":[200],"highlighting":[201],"need":[203],"linear":[205],"attention":[206],"due":[207],"long":[209],"sequences.":[210],"surrogate":[213],"capable":[216],"capturing":[218],"most":[219],"major":[222],"details,":[223],"especially":[224],"early":[226],"predictions.":[227],"this":[231],"constitutes":[232],"high":[243],"mesh":[246],"refinement":[247],"grid":[248],"context":[251],"simulations.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-01T00:00:00"}