{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7158789213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25967","title":"Digital Twin-assisted belief-state reinforcement learning for latency-robust ISAC in 6G networks","display_name":"Digital Twin-assisted belief-state reinforcement learning for latency-robust ISAC in 6G networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7158789213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25967"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25967","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134883715","display_name":"Himanshu Tiwari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiwari, Himanshu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","Quantum Research Lab, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Research Lab, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010959998","display_name":"Binayak Kar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0534-6652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kar, Binayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","Quantum Research Lab, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantum Research Lab, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121771837","display_name":"Priyanshu Tiwari","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiwari, Priyanshu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.2667999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.2667999863624573,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.13740000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.07699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7681000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telemetry","display_name":"Telemetry","score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.43959999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.41370001435279846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7681000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183121708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209867","display_name":"Telemetry","level":2,"score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5234000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5084999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.43959999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25967","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrated":[0],"Sensing":[1],"and":[2,9,18,30,63,72,77,98,113,157],"Communication":[3],"(ISAC)":[4],"enables":[5,155],"joint":[6,70],"data":[7],"transmission":[8],"environmental":[10],"perception":[11],"for":[12,43,75],"sixth-generation":[13],"(6G)":[14],"networks,":[15],"but":[16],"centralized":[17],"virtualized":[19],"RAN":[20],"control":[21,154],"loops":[22],"introduce":[23],"telemetry":[24,57,82,163],"latency":[25],"that":[26,150],"yields":[27],"stale":[28],"observations":[29],"unstable":[31],"control.":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"proposes":[35],"a":[36,51,64,121],"Digital":[37,47,151],"Twin-assisted":[38,152],"belief-state":[39,153],"reinforcement":[40,95],"learning":[41,96],"framework":[42],"latency-robust":[44],"ISAC.":[45],"A":[46],"Twin":[48],"(DT)":[49],"reconstructs":[50],"synchronized":[52],"belief":[53],"state":[54],"from":[55],"delayed":[56],"using":[58],"an":[59,126],"Extended":[60],"Kalman":[61],"Filter,":[62],"Proximal":[65],"Policy":[66],"Optimization":[67],"agent":[68],"performs":[69],"beamforming":[71],"power":[73],"allocation":[74],"communication":[76],"sensing.":[78],"Closed-loop":[79],"simulations":[80],"with":[81],"delays":[83,164],"up":[84],"to":[85,120],"100":[86,134],"ms":[87,103,135],"demonstrate":[88],"consistent":[89],"performance":[90],"gains":[91],"over":[92],"latency-unaware":[93],"deep":[94],"(DRL)":[97],"heuristic":[99],"baselines.":[100],"At":[101],"50":[102],"latency,":[104,136],"the":[105,137],"proposed":[106,138],"method":[107],"improves":[108],"median":[109],"throughput":[110],"by":[111,117],"12%":[112],"reduces":[114],"sensing":[115],"error":[116],"7%":[118],"relative":[119],"DT-only":[122],"controller,":[123],"while":[124],"achieving":[125],"order-of-magnitude":[127],"reduction":[128],"in":[129,165],"reliability":[130],"violations.":[131],"Even":[132],"at":[133],"approach":[139],"retains":[140],"approximately":[141],"88%":[142],"of":[143],"its":[144],"zero-latency":[145],"throughput.":[146],"These":[147],"results":[148],"show":[149],"stable":[156],"efficient":[158],"ISAC":[159],"operation":[160],"under":[161],"realistic":[162],"6G":[166],"networks.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-01T00:00:00"}