{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7158679354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25932","title":"Sociodemographic Biases in Educational Counselling by Large Language Models","display_name":"Sociodemographic Biases in Educational Counselling by Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7158679354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25932"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25932","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130376256","display_name":"Tomasz Adamczyk","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adamczyk, Tomasz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134927413","display_name":"Wiktoria Mieleszczenko-Kowszewicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mieleszczenko-Kowszewicz, Wiktoria","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077085774","display_name":"Beata Bajcar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5044-4070"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bajcar, Beata","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079242255","display_name":"Grzegorz Chodak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-482X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chodak, Grzegorz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109015494","display_name":"Aleksander Szcz\u0119sny","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Szcz\u0119sny, Aleksander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134912353","display_name":"Maciej Markiewicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markiewicz, Maciej","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134915562","display_name":"Karolina Ostrowska","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ostrowska, Karolina","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134904400","display_name":"Aleksandra Sawczuk","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sawczuk, Aleksandra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134895078","display_name":"Przemys\u0142aw Kazienko","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazienko, Przemys\u0142aw","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.3221000134944916,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.3221000134944916,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.15330000221729279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.06520000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vignette","display_name":"Vignette","score":0.8184999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","score":0.6624000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"Race (biology)","score":0.5507000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration","display_name":"Immigration","score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-bias","display_name":"Racial bias","score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"Educational attainment","score":0.3684000074863434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9719361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928967","display_name":"Vignette","level":2,"score":0.8184999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6624000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5641000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5507000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.4876999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.45010000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992700788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racial bias","level":3,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779297142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412","display_name":"Educational attainment","level":2,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983427547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93200","display_name":"Gender bias","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155108698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231081","display_name":"Randomized experiment","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6085619926452637,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"Large":[1],"Language":[2],"Models":[3],"(LLMs)":[4],"are":[5],"increasingly":[6],"integrated":[7],"into":[8],"educational":[9,24,144,149],"settings,":[10],"understanding":[11],"their":[12],"potential":[13],"biases":[14,21,89,100],"is":[15,44,101],"critical.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"examines":[19],"sociodemographic":[20,49],"in":[22,39,92],"LLM-based":[23],"counselling.":[25],"We":[26],"evaluate":[27],"responses":[28],"from":[29,152],"six":[30],"LLMs":[31],"answering":[32],"questions":[33],"about":[34],"900":[35],"vignettes":[36],"describing":[37],"students":[38],"diverse":[40],"circumstances.":[41],"Each":[42],"vignette":[43],"systematically":[45],"tested":[46],"across":[47,133],"14":[48],"identifiers":[50],"-":[51,61],"spanning":[52],"race":[53],"and":[54,58,127,142,159],"gender,":[55],"socioeconomic":[56],"status,":[57],"immigrant":[59],"background":[60],"along":[62],"with":[63,86],"a":[64],"control":[65],"condition,":[66],"yielding":[67],"243,000":[68],"model":[69],"responses.":[70],"Our":[71],"findings":[72],"indicate":[73],"that":[74,147],"(1)":[75],"all":[76],"models":[77],"exhibit":[78],"measurable":[79],"biases,":[80],"(2)":[81],"bias":[82,129],"patterns":[83],"partially":[84],"align":[85],"documented":[87],"human":[88],"but":[90],"diverge":[91],"notable":[93],"ways,":[94],"(3)":[95],"the":[96,105,108,138],"magnitude":[97],"of":[98,107,140],"these":[99],"strongly":[102],"influenced":[103],"by":[104],"precision":[106],"student":[109],"descriptions,":[110],"where":[111],"vague":[112],"or":[113],"minimal":[114],"information":[115,155],"amplifies":[116],"disparities":[117],"nearly":[118],"threefold,":[119],"while":[120],"concrete,":[121],"individualised":[122],"metrics":[123],"substantially":[124,132],"reduce":[125],"them,":[126],"(4)":[128],"profiles":[130],"vary":[131],"models.":[134],"These":[135],"results":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"importance":[139],"context-rich":[141],"personalised":[143],"representations,":[145],"suggesting":[146],"AI-driven":[148],"decisions":[150],"benefit":[151],"detailed":[153],"student-specific":[154],"to":[156],"promote":[157],"fairness":[158],"equity.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-01T00:00:00"}
