{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7159078756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25923","title":"Evaluation Revisited: A Taxonomy of Evaluation Concerns in Natural Language Processing","display_name":"Evaluation Revisited: A Taxonomy of Evaluation Concerns in Natural Language Processing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7159078756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25923"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25923","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114452639","display_name":"Ruchira Dhar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhar, Ruchira","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134889920","display_name":"Anders S\u00f8gaard","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u00f8gaard, Anders","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.4235999882221222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.4235999882221222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.0494999997317791,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12443","display_name":"Delphi Technique in Research","score":0.03280000016093254,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.5697000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/checklist","display_name":"Checklist","score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.353300005197525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5871000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5697000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625","display_name":"Checklist","level":2,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018395757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379672","display_name":"Evaluation methods","level":2,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186528591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619544","display_name":"Body of knowledge","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7720974087715149,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,31,57],"large":[3],"language":[4,33],"models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"have":[7,26],"prompted":[8],"a":[9,36,39,49,61,80,102],"growing":[10],"body":[11],"of":[12,18,42,52,76],"work":[13,100],"that":[14],"questions":[15],"the":[16,77],"methodology":[17],"prevailing":[19],"evaluation":[20,55,87,108],"practices.":[21,109],"However,":[22],"many":[23],"such":[24],"critiques":[25],"already":[27],"been":[28],"extensively":[29],"debated":[30],"natural":[32],"processing":[34],"(NLP):":[35],"field":[37],"with":[38],"long":[40],"history":[41],"methodological":[43],"reflection":[44],"on":[45,54],"evaluation.":[46],"We":[47,71],"conduct":[48],"scoping":[50],"review":[51],"research":[53],"concerns":[56],"NLP":[58],"and":[59,66,89],"develop":[60],"taxonomy,":[62,78],"synthesizing":[63],"recurring":[64],"positions":[65],"trade-offs":[67],"within":[68,95],"each":[69],"area.":[70],"also":[72],"discuss":[73],"practical":[74],"implications":[75],"including":[79],"structured":[81],"checklist":[82],"to":[83],"support":[84],"more":[85],"deliberate":[86],"design":[88],"interpretation.":[90],"By":[91],"situating":[92],"contemporary":[93],"debates":[94],"their":[96],"historical":[97],"context,":[98],"this":[99],"provides":[101],"consolidated":[103],"reference":[104],"for":[105],"reasoning":[106],"about":[107]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-01T00:00:00"}
