{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7157829639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25711","title":"Learning Generalizable Multimodal Representations for Software Vulnerability Detection","display_name":"Learning Generalizable Multimodal Representations for Software Vulnerability Detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7157829639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25711"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25711","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134857255","display_name":"Zeming Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong, Zeming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134840266","display_name":"Yuejun Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo, Yuejun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134849695","display_name":"Qiang Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Qiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134875293","display_name":"Yao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000695937","display_name":"Maxime Cordy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-1358"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cordy, Maxime","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134843953","display_name":"Hao Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081145634","display_name":"Mike Papadakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-2547"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Papadakis, Mike","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134823206","display_name":"Yongqiang Lyu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyu, Yongqiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.829200029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.829200029373169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.05180000141263008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.018400000408291817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5932000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5684000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5594000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.47690001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.47429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4733999967575073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5932000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5684000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5594000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.548799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47690001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.47429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4733999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.426800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4113999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3650999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22367795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625208","display_name":"Structured prediction","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.25940001010894775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Source":[0],"code":[1,29,46,63],"and":[2,39,48,64,71,87,100,114],"its":[3],"accompanying":[4],"comments":[5,16,38],"are":[6],"complementary":[7,33],"yet":[8],"naturally":[9],"aligned":[10],"modalities-code":[11],"encodes":[12],"structural":[13],"logic":[14],"while":[15,119],"capture":[17],"developer":[18],"intent.":[19],"However,":[20],"existing":[21],"vulnerability":[22],"detection":[23],"methods":[24,113],"mostly":[25],"rely":[26],"on":[27,83],"single-modality":[28],"representations,":[30],"overlooking":[31],"the":[32],"semantic":[34],"information":[35],"embedded":[36],"in":[37],"thus":[40],"limiting":[41],"their":[42],"generalization":[43],"across":[44,90],"complex":[45],"structures":[47],"logical":[49],"relationships.":[50],"To":[51],"address":[52],"this,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"MultiVul,":[56],"a":[57],"multimodal":[58],"contrastive":[59],"framework":[60],"that":[61,103],"aligns":[62],"comment":[65],"representations":[66],"through":[67],"dual":[68],"similarity":[69],"learning":[70],"consistency":[72],"regularization,":[73],"augmented":[74],"with":[75],"diverse":[76],"code-text":[77],"pairs":[78],"to":[79,107],"improve":[80],"robustness.":[81],"Experiments":[82],"widely":[84],"adopted":[85],"DiverseVul":[86],"Devign":[88],"datasets":[89],"four":[91],"large":[92],"language":[93],"models":[94],"(LLMs)":[95],"(i.e.,":[96],"DeepSeek-Coder-6.7B,":[97],"Qwen2.5-Coder-7B,":[98],"StarCoder2-7B,":[99],"CodeLlama-7B)":[101],"show":[102],"MultiVul":[104],"achieves":[105],"up":[106],"27.07%":[108],"F1":[109],"improvement":[110],"over":[111,116],"prompting-based":[112],"13.37%":[115],"code-only":[117],"Fine-Tuning,":[118],"maintaining":[120],"comparable":[121],"inference":[122],"efficiency.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-30T00:00:00"}