{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7157531888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25419","title":"JURY-RL: Votes Propose, Proofs Dispose for Label-Free RLVR","display_name":"JURY-RL: Votes Propose, Proofs Dispose for Label-Free RLVR","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7157531888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25419"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25419","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134869110","display_name":"Xinjie Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Xinjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134861419","display_name":"Biao Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu, Biao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134841244","display_name":"Jing Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134845065","display_name":"Guoxin Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Guoxin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134860956","display_name":"Xinggao Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Xinggao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134823720","display_name":"Dayiheng Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Dayiheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073673415","display_name":"Minpeng Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liao, Minpeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5863000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5863000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.06560000032186508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.059300001710653305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.6266999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6215000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5976999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.5565999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/majority-rule","display_name":"Majority rule","score":0.3580000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7339000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.6266999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6215000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5976999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.5565999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4625000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.40880000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3961000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153668964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27636","display_name":"Majority rule","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112789634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18207010","display_name":"False positives and false negatives","level":3,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776325391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917865","display_name":"Motivated reasoning","level":3,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97399411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825367","display_name":"Coin flipping","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777868144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239817","display_name":"Preference elicitation","level":3,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776493592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158717","display_name":"Succinctness","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86037889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330127","display_name":"Learning to rank","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5588468909263611,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reinforcement":[0],"learning":[1],"with":[2,174],"verifiable":[3],"rewards":[4],"(RLVR)":[5],"enhances":[6],"the":[7,87,113,124],"reasoning":[8,154],"of":[9],"large":[10],"language":[11],"models":[12,141],"(LLMs),":[13],"but":[14,41],"standard":[15],"RLVR":[16,54],"often":[17],"depends":[18],"on":[19,143,152],"human-annotated":[20],"answers":[21],"or":[22,36],"carefully":[23],"curated":[24],"reward":[25,61,110],"specifications.":[26],"In":[27],"machine-checkable":[28],"domains,":[29],"label-free":[30,53,150],"alternatives":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33],"majority":[34],"voting":[35],"LLM-as-a-judge":[37],"remove":[38],"annotation":[39],"cost":[40],"can":[42,79],"introduce":[43,50],"false":[44],"positives":[45],"that":[46,56,77,93,111],"destabilize":[47],"training.":[48],"We":[49],"JURY-RL,":[51],"a":[52,68,72,108,119,130],"framework":[55],"decouples":[57],"answer":[58,89,94],"proposal":[59,116],"from":[60,64],"disposal:":[62],"votes":[63],"model":[65],"rollouts":[66,85],"propose":[67],"candidate":[69,78],"answer,":[70],"and":[71,117,156,162,181],"formal":[73],"verifier":[74],"determines":[75],"whether":[76],"receive":[80],"positive":[81],"reward.":[82],"Concretely,":[83],"only":[84],"matching":[86],"plurality-voted":[88],"are":[90],"rewarded":[91],"when":[92],"is":[95,102],"successfully":[96],"verified":[97],"in":[98],"Lean.":[99],"When":[100],"verification":[101],"inconclusive,":[103],"we":[104],"invoke":[105],"ResZero":[106],"(Residual-Zero),":[107],"fallback":[109],"discards":[112],"unverified":[114],"plurality":[115],"redistributes":[118],"zero-mean,":[120],"variance-preserving":[121],"signal":[122],"over":[123],"residual":[125],"answers.":[126],"This":[127],"design":[128],"maintains":[129],"stable":[131],"optimization":[132],"gradient":[133],"without":[134],"reinforcing":[135],"unverifiable":[136],"consensus.":[137],"Across":[138],"three":[139],"backbone":[140],"trained":[142],"mathematical":[144,153],"data,":[145],"JURY-RL":[146],"consistently":[147],"outperforms":[148],"other":[149],"baselines":[151],"benchmarks":[155],"transfers":[157],"competitively":[158],"to":[159,170],"code":[160],"generation":[161],"general":[163],"benchmarks.":[164],"It":[165],"attains":[166],"pass@1":[167],"performance":[168],"comparable":[169],"supervised":[171],"ground-truth":[172],"training,":[173],"superior":[175],"generalization":[176],"demonstrated":[177],"by":[178],"higher":[179],"pass@k":[180],"response":[182],"diversity.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-30T00:00:00"}