{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7157831161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25192","title":"Reconfiguring flexibility in renewable power-to-ammonia systems using molten-salt thermal energy storage in the ammonia synthesis loop: A coordinated electro-hydrogen-thermal scheduling approach","display_name":"Reconfiguring flexibility in renewable power-to-ammonia systems using molten-salt thermal energy storage in the ammonia synthesis loop: A coordinated electro-hydrogen-thermal scheduling approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7157831161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25192"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25192","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128536286","display_name":"Y L Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiu, Yiwei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101924596","display_name":"Qi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-0122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Qingjie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111100336","display_name":"Yangjun Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeng, Yangjun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134836916","display_name":"Ge Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129510320","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Green Bay","ror":"https://ror.org/05hbexn54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129510320"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Engineering, Great Bay University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Engineering, Great Bay University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129510320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090507066","display_name":"Longjie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6406-0681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Longjie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101040586","display_name":"Ge He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8134-7513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039631808","display_name":"Xu Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1005-7401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji, Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134855208","display_name":"Shi Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134823640","display_name":"Buxiang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Buxiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121011988","display_name":"Kaigui Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie, Kaigui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5128536286"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12112","display_name":"Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12112","display_name":"Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10311","display_name":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11774","display_name":"Adsorption and Cooling Systems","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6556000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia-production","display_name":"Ammonia production","score":0.5184000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-production","display_name":"Hydrogen production","score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-energy-storage","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6556000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181258405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3961934","display_name":"Ammonia production","level":3,"score":0.5184000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.43709999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39640000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202189072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929999","display_name":"Hydrogen production","level":3,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183287310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142963","display_name":"Thermal energy storage","level":2,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780388094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666248","display_name":"Intermittency","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107861326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209233","display_name":"Thermal energy","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777347956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362005","display_name":"Operating cost","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285927","display_name":"Concentrated solar power","level":3,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.25192","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.25192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6720589995384216,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"renewable":[1,153,227],"power-to-ammonia":[2],"(ReP2A)":[3],"systems,":[4,200],"the":[5,22,61,102,106,177],"intermittency":[6],"of":[7,105,180],"wind":[8],"and":[9,17,33,45,65,86,92,108,129,143,172,193,204,217,219],"solar":[10],"generation":[11],"propagates":[12],"through":[13],"electrolytic":[14],"hydrogen":[15,74,123,130],"production":[16],"induces":[18],"thermal":[19,39,56,79,88,103,170],"instability":[20],"in":[21,162],"ammonia":[23,119],"synthesis":[24,63,120],"reactor":[25,38,78,169],"(ASR).":[26],"The":[27,133],"resulting":[28],"temperature":[29],"cycling":[30],"accelerates":[31],"fatigue":[32],"shortens":[34],"service":[35],"life,":[36],"while":[37,175],"inertia":[40],"limits":[41],"flexible":[42],"start-up,":[43],"shutdown,":[44],"load":[46],"adjustment.":[47],"To":[48],"address":[49,152],"this":[50,52,112],"issue,":[51],"study":[53],"integrates":[54],"molten-salt":[55],"energy":[57,126],"storage":[58,127,131],"(MS-TES)":[59],"into":[60],"Haber-Bosch":[62],"loop":[64],"develops":[66],"a":[67,138,185,187],"coordinated":[68],"electro-hydrogen-thermal":[69],"scheduling":[70,116],"framework.":[71],"MS-TES":[72,167,194,213],"decouples":[73],"supply":[75],"fluctuations":[76],"from":[77],"dynamics":[80,104],"by":[81],"enabling":[82],"hot":[83],"standby":[84],"operation":[85,121],"sustained":[87],"support":[89],"during":[90],"start-up":[91,216],"low-load":[93],"conditions.":[94,228],"A":[95],"state-space":[96],"model":[97],"is":[98,135],"established":[99],"to":[100,151,198],"capture":[101],"ASR":[107,215],"MS-TES.":[109],"Based":[110],"on":[111,158],"model,":[113],"an":[114,159],"optimal":[115],"program":[117,141],"coordinates":[118],"with":[122,145,201],"production,":[124],"battery":[125],"(BES),":[128],"(HS).":[132],"problem":[134],"formulated":[136],"as":[137],"mixed-integer":[139],"linear":[140],"(MILP)":[142],"extended":[144],"information":[146],"gap":[147],"decision":[148],"theory":[149],"(IGDT)":[150],"uncertainty.":[154],"Case":[155],"studies":[156],"based":[157],"industrial-scale":[160],"project":[161],"northern":[163],"China":[164],"show":[165,211],"that":[166,212],"enhances":[168],"stability":[171],"system-level":[173],"flexibility,":[174],"diminishing":[176],"marginal":[178],"benefit":[179],"large":[181],"BES":[182],"capacity.":[183],"As":[184],"result,":[186],"configuration":[188],"combining":[189],"small":[190],"BES,":[191],"HS,":[192],"achieves":[195],"near-equivalent":[196],"performance":[197],"large-BES":[199],"lower":[202],"investment":[203],"improved":[205],"economic":[206],"returns.":[207],"Year-round":[208],"simulations":[209],"further":[210],"avoids":[214],"shutdown":[218],"delivers":[220],"consistently":[221],"higher":[222],"net":[223],"revenue":[224],"under":[225],"variable":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-30T06:11:10.768123","created_date":"2026-04-30T00:00:00"}
