{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7158090813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24975","title":"Poisoning Learned Index Structures: Static and Dynamic Adversarial Attacks on ALEX","display_name":"Poisoning Learned Index Structures: Static and Dynamic Adversarial Attacks on ALEX","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7158090813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24975"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.24975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24975","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134855999","display_name":"Allen Jue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jue, Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5134855999"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6672999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6638000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-machine-learning","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.33570000529289246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7465999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6672999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6638000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778403875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20312394","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","level":3,"score":0.39239999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134835016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690265","display_name":"Lookup table","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.24975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.24975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.729537844657898,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learned":[0],"index":[1],"structures":[2],"achieve":[3],"high":[4],"performance":[5,123],"by":[6],"modeling":[7],"the":[8,169,175,196],"cumulative":[9],"distribution":[10],"function":[11],"(CDF)":[12],"of":[13,59],"keys,":[14],"but":[15],"this":[16],"reliance":[17],"on":[18,63,121,195],"data":[19,33,201],"distributions":[20,151],"introduces":[21],"potential":[22],"vulnerability":[23],"to":[24,79,84,103,137,156],"adversarial":[25,86,105,153],"manipulation.":[26],"Prior":[27],"work":[28],"has":[29,118],"explored":[30],"both":[31,60],"static":[32],"poisoning":[34,117],"and":[35,73,88,159,174,181,203],"dynamic":[36,67,130],"algorithmic":[37],"complexity":[38],"attacks":[39],"(ACA),":[40],"though":[41],"evaluations":[42],"are":[43],"typically":[44],"limited":[45],"in":[46,124,140,190],"scale":[47],"or":[48],"consider":[49],"only":[50],"one":[51],"threat":[52,114,199],"model.":[53],"We":[54,163],"present":[55],"a":[56,65,71,100,110],"systematic":[57],"study":[58],"attack":[61,144],"paradigms":[62],"ALEX,":[64],"state-of-the-art":[66],"learned":[68,191],"index,":[69],"under":[70,126],"unified":[72],"reproducible":[74],"framework.":[75],"Our":[76,107],"evaluation":[77,166,204],"scales":[78],"realistic":[80],"workloads":[81,173],"with":[82,93,135],"up":[83,136],"200K":[85],"inserts":[87],"includes":[89],"multiple":[90],"SOSD":[91],"datasets":[92],"diverse":[94],"key":[95,150,165],"distributions,":[96],"as":[97,99],"well":[98],"real-key":[101],"baseline":[102],"isolate":[104],"effects.":[106],"results":[108,186],"show":[109,187],"clear":[111],"separation":[112],"between":[113,177,198],"models.":[115],"Static":[116],"minimal":[119],"impact":[120],"lookup":[122,141],"ALEX":[125],"bulk-loaded":[127],"settings,":[128],"while":[129],"ACA":[131],"induces":[132],"substantial":[133],"degradation,":[134],"2--2.8x":[138],"slowdown":[139],"throughput.":[142],"However,":[143],"effectiveness":[145],"is":[146],"highly":[147],"dataset-dependent:":[148],"dense":[149],"limit":[152],"leverage":[154],"due":[155],"duplicate-heavy":[157],"insertions":[158],"ALEX's":[160],"localized":[161,178],"structure.":[162],"highlight":[164],"considerations,":[167],"including":[168],"need":[170],"for":[171],"control":[172],"mismatch":[176],"structural":[179],"damage":[180],"global":[182],"query":[183],"metrics.":[184],"These":[185],"that":[188],"robustness":[189],"indexes":[192],"depends":[193],"critically":[194],"interaction":[197],"model,":[200],"distribution,":[202],"methodology.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-30T00:00:00"}
