{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7158039362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24796","title":"A multi-stage soft computing framework for complex disease modelling and decision support: A liver cirrhosis case study","display_name":"A multi-stage soft computing framework for complex disease modelling and decision support: A liver cirrhosis case study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7158039362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24796"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.24796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24796","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010630605","display_name":"Xueyuan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-7415"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Xueyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134824381","display_name":"Yuheng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yuheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134862339","display_name":"Yuanzhi He","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Yuanzhi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044763027","display_name":"Siqi Gou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gou, Siqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134837176","display_name":"Lu Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bai, Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101198932","display_name":"Wenqian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1448-7937"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Wenqian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134824138","display_name":"Peifeng Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Peifeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134854056","display_name":"Aijia Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Aijia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134824470","display_name":"Tianhui Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan, Tianhui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134844679","display_name":"Jiayu Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Ze","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xu, Jiayu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Jiayu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.8744999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.8744999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.03269999846816063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11297","display_name":"Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis","score":0.03180000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-computing","display_name":"Soft computing","score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cirrhosis","display_name":"Cirrhosis","score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.3073999881744385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6514999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5095999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140073362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738759","display_name":"Soft computing","level":3,"score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777075537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929737","display_name":"Liver disease","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67339327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502576","display_name":"Gene regulatory network","level":4,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9357733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878417","display_name":"Missing data","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018605307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200779","display_name":"Complex disease","level":3,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.25459998846054077}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.24796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.24796","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Liver":[0],"cirrhosis":[1,162],"is":[2,32,200],"a":[3,144,152,164,170],"major":[4],"global":[5],"health":[6],"problem":[7],"causing":[8],"millions":[9],"of":[10,24],"deaths":[11],"annually,":[12],"and":[13,43,57,76,94,124,141,174,186,202,213],"timely":[14],"detection":[15],"with":[16,54],"aggressive":[17],"treatment":[18],"can":[19],"significantly":[20],"improve":[21],"patients'":[22],"quality":[23],"life.":[25],"Modelling":[26],"complex":[27,73],"diseases":[28],"from":[29],"biomedical":[30,208],"data":[31,101],"computationally":[33],"challenging":[34],"due":[35],"to":[36,104,118,155,205],"high":[37],"dimensionality,":[38],"strong":[39],"feature":[40,87,129],"correlations,":[41],"noise,":[42],"limited":[44,214],"labelled":[45],"samples.":[46,215],"Conventional":[47],"Machine":[48],"Learning":[49],"(ML)":[50],"pipelines":[51,195],"often":[52],"struggle":[53],"robustness,":[55],"interpretability,":[56],"generalisation":[58],"under":[59,122],"such":[60],"conditions.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"study,":[64],"we":[65],"propose":[66],"an":[67],"ML-driven":[68],"multi-stage":[69],"decision":[70,96],"framework":[71,80,168,199],"for":[72],"disease":[74,139],"modelling":[75],"therapeutic":[77,158],"exploration.":[78],"The":[79,188,198],"integrates":[81],"single-cell":[82,99],"transcriptomic":[83],"profiling,":[84],"high-dimensional":[85,111],"network-based":[86],"stabilisation,":[88],"multi-model":[89],"learning,":[90],"deep":[91],"representation":[92,190],"construction,":[93],"post-hoc":[95],"support.":[97],"Specifically,":[98],"sequencing":[100],"were":[102,135],"analysed":[103,142],"identify":[105],"key":[106],"cellular":[107],"subpopulations,":[108],"followed":[109],"by":[110],"weighted":[112],"gene":[113,120],"co-expression":[114],"network":[115],"analysis":[116],"(hdWGCNA)":[117],"stabilise":[119],"modules":[121],"sparsity":[123],"noise.":[125],"To":[126],"enhance":[127],"non-linear":[128],"interaction":[130],"modelling,":[131],"tabular":[132],"molecular":[133,147],"features":[134],"restructured":[136],"into":[137],"two-dimensional":[138],"maps":[140],"using":[143],"CNN.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"docking":[148],"was":[149],"incorporated":[150],"as":[151,163],"decision-support":[153],"module":[154,192],"evaluate":[156],"candidate":[157],"compounds.":[159],"Using":[160],"liver":[161],"representative":[165],"case,":[166],"the":[167],"identified":[169],"disease-associated":[171],"endothelial":[172],"subpopulation":[173],"extracted":[175],"seven":[176],"robust":[177],"signature":[178],"genes":[179],"(HSPB1,":[180],"GADD45A,":[181],"CLDN5,":[182],"ATP1B3,":[183],"C1QBP,":[184],"ENPP2,":[185],"PARL).":[187],"CNN-based":[189],"learning":[191],"outperformed":[193],"conventional":[194],"in":[196],"classification.":[197],"disease-agnostic":[201],"readily":[203],"extends":[204],"other":[206],"omics-driven":[207],"applications":[209],"involving":[210],"uncertainty,":[211],"heterogeneity,":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-30T00:00:00"}