{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7157333620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24504","title":"Equivalence Checking of Quantum Circuits via Path-Sum and Weighted Model Counting","display_name":"Equivalence Checking of Quantum Circuits via Path-Sum and Weighted Model Counting","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7157333620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24504"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.24504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24504","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101535768","display_name":"Wei\u2010Jia Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8695-5689"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Wei-Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020490587","display_name":"Christophe Chareton","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chareton, Christophe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134791663","display_name":"Yu-Fang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Yu-Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100679596","display_name":"Kai-Min Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-369X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung, Kai-Min","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134806847","display_name":"Min-Hsiu Hsieh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsieh, Min-Hsiu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134773969","display_name":"Alfons Laarman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laarman, Alfons","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071969266","display_name":"Jingyi Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-9818"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei, Jingyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101535768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.7721999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.7721999883651733,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.14650000631809235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.009499999694526196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.7958999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.6328999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-equivalence-checking","display_name":"Formal equivalence checking","score":0.5530999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.5127999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-equivalence","display_name":"Logical equivalence","score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.40290001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-trajectory-evaluation","display_name":"Symbolic trajectory evaluation","score":0.3862000107765198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.7958999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.6328999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96654402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469962","display_name":"Formal equivalence checking","level":3,"score":0.5530999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5202999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.5127999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5059000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4641999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70846408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220433","display_name":"Logical equivalence","level":3,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.40290001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661193","display_name":"Symbolic trajectory evaluation","level":3,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204707403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152398","display_name":"Canonical form","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35898486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498186","display_name":"Exclusive or","level":3,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187455244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942353","display_name":"Boolean function","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94461902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2762418","display_name":"Formal proof","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37926939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449061","display_name":"Semantic equivalence","level":4,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.24504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.24504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.24504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7829414010047913,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Equivalence":[0],"checking":[1],"of":[2,16],"quantum":[3,11],"circuits":[4],"is":[5,85],"a":[6,36,45,63,82,107,113],"central":[7],"verification":[8],"task":[9],"in":[10,135],"computing,":[12],"ensuring":[13],"the":[14,25,32,49,58,76,98,103,118,129],"correctness":[15],"circuit":[17],"optimizations,":[18],"hardware":[19],"mappings,":[20],"and":[21,72,88,96,120,137],"compilation":[22],"pipelines.":[23],"Among":[24],"primary":[26],"symbolic":[27],"methods":[28],"for":[29,48,70],"this":[30],"purpose,":[31],"path-sum":[33,78],"formalism":[34],"provides":[35],"compact":[37],"representation":[38],"with":[39,75,139],"powerful":[40],"reduction":[41],"rules":[42],"that":[43,84,128],"yield":[44],"canonical":[46],"form":[47],"classically":[50],"simulable":[51],"Clifford":[52,59],"fragment,":[53],"but":[54],"confluence":[55],"fails":[56],"beyond":[57],"fragment.":[60],"We":[61,116],"introduce":[62],"new":[64],"weighted":[65],"model":[66],"counting":[67],"(WMC)":[68],"encoding":[69],"path-sums":[71],"combine":[73],"it":[74,122],"existing":[77],"reductions":[79,93],"to":[80,112],"obtain":[81],"verifier":[83],"both":[86],"complete":[87,108],"efficient.":[89],"Our":[90],"method":[91,131],"applies":[92],"whenever":[94],"possible":[95],"invokes":[97],"WMC-based":[99],"decision":[100],"procedure":[101],"on":[102,123],"residual":[104],"path-sum,":[105],"yielding":[106],"semantic":[109],"check":[110],"up":[111],"global":[114],"phase.":[115],"implement":[117],"approach":[119],"evaluate":[121],"standard":[124],"benchmarks.":[125],"Results":[126],"show":[127],"hybrid":[130],"outperforms":[132],"either":[133],"component":[134],"isolation":[136],"competes":[138],"state-of-the-art":[140],"tools.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-04-29T00:00:00"}
