{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7157270834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23954","title":"An empirical evaluation of the risks of AI model updates using clinical data: stability, arbitrariness, and fairness","display_name":"An empirical evaluation of the risks of AI model updates using clinical data: stability, arbitrariness, and fairness","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7157270834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23954"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.23954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23954","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014026004","display_name":"Ioannis Bilionis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1435-4358"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilionis, Ioannis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116153809","display_name":"Ricardo C Berrios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5449-0267"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berrios, Ricardo C.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066113250","display_name":"Luis Fern\u00e1ndez-Luque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8165-9904"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernandez-Luque, Luis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134799866","display_name":"Carlos Castillo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Castillo, Carlos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9150000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9150000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11623","display_name":"Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients","score":0.035599999129772186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbitrariness","display_name":"Arbitrariness","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5034000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.44769999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-glucose-monitoring","display_name":"Continuous glucose monitoring","score":0.3393999934196472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6176999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777451423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629962","display_name":"Arbitrariness","level":2,"score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5210999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5034000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.44769999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986379492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638492","display_name":"Continuous glucose monitoring","level":4,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197947376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155608","display_name":"Comparability","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.23954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.23954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23954","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7589276432991028,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"Intelligence":[1],"and":[2,147,166],"Machine":[3],"Learning":[4],"(AI/ML)":[5],"models":[6,40],"used":[7],"in":[8,27,102,141],"clinical":[9,16,178],"settings":[10],"are":[11],"increasingly":[12],"deployed":[13],"to":[14,25,128,162],"support":[15,180],"decision-making.":[17],"However,":[18],"when":[19],"training":[20,43],"data":[21,44],"become":[22],"stale":[23],"due":[24],"changes":[26],"demographics,":[28],"environment,":[29],"or":[30,143],"patient":[31],"behaviors,":[32],"model":[33,116,122],"performance":[34],"can":[35,119],"degrade":[36],"substantially.":[37],"While":[38],"updating":[39],"with":[41,104],"new":[42,52],"is":[45,171],"necessary,":[46],"such":[47,169],"updates":[48],"may":[49],"also":[50],"introduce":[51],"risks.":[53],"We":[54,155],"evaluated":[55],"the":[56,96,148,174],"proposed":[57],"monitoring":[58,73,161,170],"framework":[59],"on":[60],"four":[61],"publicly":[62],"available":[63],"U.S.-based":[64],"Type":[65],"1":[66,106],"Diabetes":[67],"datasets":[68,90],"containing":[69],"high-resolution":[70],"continuous":[71,160],"glucose":[72],"(CGM)":[74],"data,":[75],"comprising":[76],"approximately":[77],"11,300":[78],"weekly":[79],"observations":[80],"from":[81],"496":[82],"participants":[83],"under":[84],"20":[85],"years":[86],"of":[87,98,134,150,176],"age.":[88],"All":[89],"included":[91],"structured":[92],"sociodemographic":[93],"information.":[94],"Using":[95],"prediction":[97],"severe":[99],"hyperglycemia":[100],"events":[101],"children":[103],"type":[105],"diabetes":[107],"as":[108],"a":[109,131],"case":[110],"study,":[111],"we":[112],"examine":[113],"how":[114],"different":[115],"update":[117],"strategies":[118],"adversely":[120],"affect":[121],"stability":[123],"(e.g.,":[124],"by":[125],"causing":[126],"predictions":[127],"\"flip\"":[129],"for":[130,159,173],"large":[132],"number":[133],"cases":[135],"after":[136],"an":[137],"update),":[138],"increase":[139],"arbitrariness":[140],"predictions,":[142],"worsen":[144],"accuracy":[145],"equity":[146],"balance":[149],"error":[151],"rates":[152],"across":[153],"subpopulations.":[154],"propose":[156],"multiple":[157],"dimensions":[158],"detect":[163],"these":[164],"issues":[165],"argue":[167],"that":[168],"essential":[172],"development":[175],"trustworthy":[177],"decision":[179],"systems.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-29T00:00:00"}