{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7156575635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23940","title":"Constraint-Guided Multi-Agent Decompilation for Executable Binary Recovery","display_name":"Constraint-Guided Multi-Agent Decompilation for Executable Binary Recovery","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7156575635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23940"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.23940","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23940","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134802214","display_name":"Yifan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Yifan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134782126","display_name":"Xiaohan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Xiaohan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074855886","display_name":"Yueke Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Yueke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Huang, Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Leach, Kevin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leach, Kevin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.5654000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.5654000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.28769999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.07010000199079514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8008000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.761900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-testing","display_name":"Unit testing","score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.33869999647140503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8008000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7882000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.761900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5849000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148027188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907375","display_name":"Unit testing","level":3,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36649999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112968700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11368","display_name":"Unix","level":3,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199519371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942695","display_name":"Source lines of code","level":3,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.23940","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.23940","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decompilation":[0,53],"--":[1,8],"recovering":[2],"source":[3,49,207],"code":[4,25,46,92],"from":[5,105],"compiled":[6],"binaries":[7,104,175],"is":[9,157],"essential":[10],"for":[11],"security":[12],"analysis,":[13],"malware":[14],"reverse":[15],"engineering,":[16],"and":[17,75,112,147,204],"legacy":[18],"software":[19],"maintenance.":[20],"However,":[21],"existing":[22],"decompilers":[23,109],"produce":[24],"that":[26,43,154,192],"often":[27],"fails":[28],"to":[29],"compile":[30],"or":[31],"execute":[32],"correctly,":[33],"limiting":[34],"their":[35],"practical":[36],"utility.":[37],"We":[38,97],"present":[39],"a":[40,58],"multi-agent":[41],"framework":[42,100,115],"transforms":[44],"decompiled":[45],"into":[47],"re-executable":[48],"through":[50],"Multi-level":[51],"Constraint-Guided":[52],"(MCGD).":[54],"Our":[55,114,150,189],"approach":[56,140],"employs":[57],"hierarchical":[59],"validation":[60,84,156],"pipeline":[61],"with":[62,129,173],"three":[63,108],"constraint":[64],"levels:":[65],"(1)":[66],"syntactic":[67],"correctness":[68,164,177],"via":[69,73,79],"parsing,":[70],"(2)":[71],"compilability":[72],"GCC,":[74],"(3)":[76],"behavioral":[77,163],"equivalence":[78],"LLM-generated":[80],"test":[81],"cases.":[82],"When":[83],"fails,":[85],"specialized":[86],"LLM":[87],"agents":[88],"iteratively":[89],"refine":[90],"the":[91,135,198],"using":[93,134],"structured":[94],"error":[95],"feedback.":[96],"evaluate":[98],"our":[99,139],"on":[101],"1,641":[102],"real-world":[103],"ExeBench":[106],"across":[107],"(RetDec,":[110],"Ghidra,":[111],"Angr).":[113],"achieves":[116],"84-97%":[117],"re-executability,":[118],"improving":[119],"baseline":[120],"decompiler":[121,202],"output":[122,203],"by":[123],"28-89":[124],"percentage":[125],"points.":[126],"In":[127],"comparison":[128],"state-of-the-art":[130],"LLM-based":[131],"decompilation":[132],"methods":[133],"same":[136],"GPT-4o":[137],"backbone,":[138],"(84.1%)":[141],"outperforms":[142],"LLM4Decompile":[143],"(80.3%),":[144],"SK2Decompile":[145],"(73.9%),":[146],"SALT4Decompile":[148],"(61.8%).":[149],"ablation":[151],"study":[152],"reveals":[153],"execution-based":[155],"critical:":[158],"compile-only":[159],"approaches":[160],"achieve":[161],"0%":[162],"despite":[165],"91-99%":[166],"compilation":[167],"rates.":[168],"The":[169],"system":[170],"converges":[171],"efficiently,":[172],"90%+":[174],"reaching":[176],"within":[178],"2":[179],"iterations":[180],"at":[181],"an":[182],"average":[183],"cost":[184],"of":[185],"$0.03-0.05":[186],"per":[187],"binary.":[188],"results":[190],"demonstrate":[191],"constraint-guided":[193],"agentic":[194],"refinement":[195],"can":[196],"bridge":[197],"gap":[199],"between":[200],"raw":[201],"practically":[205],"useful":[206],"code.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-04-29T00:00:00"}