{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7157083073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23231","title":"Toward Polymorphic Backdoor against Semantic Communication via Intensity-Based Poisoning","display_name":"Toward Polymorphic Backdoor against Semantic Communication via Intensity-Based Poisoning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7157083073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23231"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.23231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23231","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134764596","display_name":"Xiao Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134772203","display_name":"Yuni Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lai, Yuni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134795554","display_name":"Gaolei Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Gaolei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134802565","display_name":"Jun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134770555","display_name":"Kai Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Kai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134779660","display_name":"Jianhua Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Jianhua","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134762461","display_name":"Mingzhe Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Mingzhe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.5454999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.5454999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.32269999384880066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.030700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.9336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6468999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneous","display_name":"Homogeneous","score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.3118000030517578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.9336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7506999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6468999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113364801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26674","display_name":"High fidelity","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65856478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3991682","display_name":"Attack model","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.23231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.23231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.23231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"Communication":[1],"(SC)":[2],"backdoor":[3],"attacks":[4,139],"aim":[5],"to":[6,9,68,89,107,112,125],"utilize":[7],"triggers":[8,88],"manipulate":[10],"the":[11,46,58,65,74,163,183,190],"system":[12],"into":[13],"producing":[14],"predetermined":[15],"outputs":[16],"via":[17,147],"backdoored":[18],"shared":[19],"knowledge.":[20],"Current":[21],"SC":[22,53,66,95,127,152,169,187],"backdoors":[23],"adopt":[24],"monomorphic":[25],"paradigms":[26],"with":[27,97],"single":[28],"attack":[29,35,179],"target,":[30],"which":[31],"suffers":[32],"from":[33,73],"limited":[34],"diversity,":[36],"efficiency,":[37],"and":[38,93,154,171],"flexibility":[39],"in":[40,110,151],"heterogeneous":[41],"downstream":[42],"scenarios.":[43],"To":[44],"overcome":[45],"limitations,":[47],"we":[48,129,155],"propose":[49,130],"SemBugger,":[50],"a":[51,81,131,141,158],"polymorphic":[52],"backdoor.":[54],"By":[55],"dynamically":[56,105],"adjusting":[57],"trigger":[59,108],"intensity,":[60],"SemBugger":[61,77,176,195],"finely-grained":[62],"controls":[63],"over":[64],"knowledge":[67,104],"generate":[69],"diverse":[70,168],"malicious":[71,99],"results":[72],"system.":[75],"Specifically,":[76],"is":[78],"realized":[79],"through":[80,140],"multi-effect":[82],"poisoning-training":[83],"framework.":[84],"It":[85,145],"introduces":[86],"graded-intensity":[87],"poison":[90],"training":[91],"data":[92],"optimizes":[94],"systems":[96],"hierarchical":[98],"loss.":[100],"The":[101],"trained":[102],"system's":[103],"adapts":[106],"intensity":[109],"inputs":[111],"yield":[113],"target":[114],"outputs,":[115],"all":[116],"while":[117,181],"preserving":[118],"transmission":[119],"fidelity":[120],"for":[121],"benign":[122],"samples.":[123],"Moreover,":[124],"augment":[126],"security,":[128],"provable":[132],"robustness":[133],"defense":[134,164,192],"that":[135,175],"resists":[136],"SemBugger's":[137],"homogeneous":[138],"controlled":[142],"noise":[143,150],"mechanism.":[144],"operates":[146],"strategically":[148],"adding":[149],"inputs,":[153],"formally":[156],"provide":[157],"theoretical":[159],"lower":[160],"bound":[161],"on":[162],"efficacy.":[165],"Experiments":[166],"across":[167],"models":[170],"benchmark":[172],"datasets":[173],"indicate":[174],"attains":[177],"high":[178],"efficacy":[180],"maintaining":[182],"regular":[184],"functionality":[185],"of":[186],"systems.":[188],"Meanwhile,":[189],"designed":[191],"effectively":[193],"neutralizes":[194],"attacks.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-29T00:00:00"}
