{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7157090046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.22835","title":"ParkingScenes: A Structured Dataset for End-to-End Autonomous Parking in Simulation Scenes","display_name":"ParkingScenes: A Structured Dataset for End-to-End Autonomous Parking in Simulation Scenes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7157090046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.22835"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.22835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.22835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.22835","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134784641","display_name":"Haonan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Haonan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101154101","display_name":"Kaiwen Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4376-865X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao, Kaiwen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134804437","display_name":"Bin Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian, Bin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134775231","display_name":"Jun Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu, Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.7850000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.7850000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.11159999668598175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.019300000742077827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6588000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5555999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planner","display_name":"Planner","score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.33719998598098755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7208999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6588000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5555999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349274","display_name":"Planner","level":2,"score":0.5085999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14353550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386125","display_name":"Parking guidance and information","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777427512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501349","display_name":"Parking lot","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779714256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25305062","display_name":"Multiple Models","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.22835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.22835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.22835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.22835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8225350975990295,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"parking":[1,45,66,78,106,204,227],"remains":[2,47],"a":[3,48,57,82,87,218],"critical":[4],"yet":[5],"challenging":[6],"task":[7],"in":[8,30,67,118,192],"intelligent":[9],"driving":[10],"systems,":[11],"particularly":[12],"within":[13],"constrained":[14],"urban":[15],"environments":[16],"where":[17],"maneuvering":[18],"space":[19],"is":[20,25,128],"limited":[21],"and":[22,86,94,103,115,122,151,160,202,212,220,231],"precise":[23],"control":[24],"essential.":[26],"While":[27],"recent":[28],"advances":[29],"end-to-end":[31,64],"learning":[32],"have":[33],"shown":[34],"great":[35],"promise,":[36],"the":[37,72,165,195,210,213],"lack":[38],"of":[39,167,197],"high-quality,":[40],"structured":[41,77,120,198],"datasets":[42],"tailored":[43],"for":[44,63,200,223],"scenarios":[46],"significant":[49,190],"bottleneck.To":[50],"address":[51],"this":[52],"gap,":[53],"we":[54,170],"present":[55],"ParkingScenes,":[56],"comprehensive":[58],"multimodal":[59,158],"dataset":[60,99,211,230],"specifically":[61],"designed":[62],"autonomous":[65,226],"simulated":[68],"scenes.":[69],"Built":[70],"on":[71,174,179],"CARLA":[73],"simulator,":[74],"ParkingScenes":[75,175,216],"features":[76],"trajectories":[79],"generated":[80],"by":[81],"Hybrid":[83],"A*":[84],"planner":[85],"Model":[88],"Predictive":[89],"Controller":[90],"(MPC),":[91],"providing":[92],"accurate":[93,203],"reproducible":[95,221],"supervision":[96,199],"signals.":[97],"The":[98,229],"includes":[100],"16":[101,130],"reverse-in":[102],"6":[104],"parallel":[105],"scenarios,":[107],"each":[108],"executed":[109],"under":[110,185],"two":[111],"pedestrian":[112],"conditions":[113],"(present":[114],"absent),":[116],"resulting":[117],"704":[119],"episodes":[121],"approximately":[123],"105000":[124],"frames.":[125],"Each":[126,136],"scenario":[127],"repeated":[129],"times":[131],"to":[132],"ensure":[133],"consistent":[134],"coverage.":[135],"frame":[137],"contains":[138],"synchronized":[139],"data":[140,184],"from":[141],"four":[142,145],"RGB":[143],"cameras,":[144],"depth":[146],"sensors,":[147],"vehicle":[148],"motion":[149],"states,":[150],"Bird's-Eye":[152],"View":[153],"(BEV)":[154],"representations,":[155],"enabling":[156],"rich":[157],"fusion":[159],"context-aware":[161],"learning.":[162,206],"To":[163],"demonstrate":[164],"utility":[166],"our":[168],"dataset,":[169],"compare":[171],"models":[172],"trained":[173,178],"with":[176],"those":[177],"unstructured,":[180],"manually":[181],"collected":[182],"simulation":[183],"identical":[186],"conditions.":[187],"Results":[188],"show":[189],"improvements":[191],"performance,":[193],"underscoring":[194],"effectiveness":[196],"robust":[201],"policy":[205],"By":[207],"releasing":[208],"both":[209],"collection":[214,232],"framework,":[215],"establishes":[217],"scalable":[219],"benchmark":[222],"advancing":[224],"learning-based":[225],"systems.":[228],"framework":[233],"will":[234],"be":[235],"released":[236],"at:":[237],"https://github.com/haonan-ai/ParkingScenes":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-04-29T00:00:00"}