{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155533206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.21409","title":"S1-VL: Scientific Multimodal Reasoning Model with Thinking-with-Images","display_name":"S1-VL: Scientific Multimodal Reasoning Model with Thinking-with-Images","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155533206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.21409"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.21409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.21409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.21409","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002124352","display_name":"Qingxiao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0088-0373"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Qingxiao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134536190","display_name":"Lifeng Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Lifeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134565630","display_name":"QingLi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, QingLi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134540906","display_name":"Yudong Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bai, Yudong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111031433","display_name":"Mingwei Ou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ou, Mingwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134550659","display_name":"Shu Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134522973","display_name":"Nan Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Nan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9088000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9088000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.5909000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-reasoning","display_name":"Visual reasoning","score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-reasoning","display_name":"Scientific reasoning","score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasoning-system","display_name":"Reasoning system","score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chart","display_name":"Chart","score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.3887999951839447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7735000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5909000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777508537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936620","display_name":"Visual reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992562121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817808","display_name":"Scientific reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89288958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301504","display_name":"Reasoning system","level":2,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190812933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28923","display_name":"Chart","level":2,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37335422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888134","display_name":"Model-based reasoning","level":3,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138379479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116876","display_name":"Scientific modelling","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094420","display_name":"Iterative refinement","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86827895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098582","display_name":"Opportunistic reasoning","level":4,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20162079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151406","display_name":"Case-based reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166088908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308495","display_name":"Abductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.21409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.21409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.21409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.21409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,107,190],"present":[1],"S1-VL,":[2],"a":[3,52,63,110,133,172],"multimodal":[4,95,177],"reasoning":[5,15,61,116,229],"model":[6,29,45,159],"for":[7,72,115],"scientific":[8,78,94,176,228],"domains":[9],"that":[10,206],"natively":[11],"supports":[12],"two":[13,183],"complementary":[14],"paradigms:":[16],"Scientific":[17],"Reasoning,":[18],"which":[19,26],"relies":[20],"on":[21,193,200,211,227],"structured":[22],"chain-of-thought,":[23],"and":[24,47,59,84,105,122,182,197,221,223,234],"Thinking-with-Images,":[25],"enables":[27],"the":[28,41,44,89,158],"to":[30,160],"actively":[31],"manipulate":[32],"images":[33],"through":[34,171],"Python":[35],"code":[36,50],"execution":[37],"during":[38],"reasoning.":[39,86],"In":[40],"Thinking-with-Images":[42,179,214],"mode,":[43],"generates":[46],"executes":[48],"image-processing":[49],"in":[51,62,128],"sandbox":[53],"environment,":[54],"obtains":[55],"intermediate":[56],"visual":[57,124,150],"results,":[58],"continues":[60],"multi-turn":[64],"iterative":[65],"manner.":[66],"This":[67,144],"design":[68],"is":[69,169],"particularly":[70],"effective":[71],"challenging":[73],"scenarios":[74],"such":[75,231],"as":[76,232],"high-resolution":[77],"chart":[79],"interpretation,":[80],"microscopic":[81],"image":[82,163],"understanding,":[83],"geometry-assisted":[85],"To":[87,118],"construct":[88],"training":[90],"data,":[91,156],"we":[92,131],"collect":[93],"datasets":[96],"spanning":[97],"six":[98],"disciplines:":[99],"mathematics,":[100],"physics,":[101],"chemistry,":[102],"astronomy,":[103],"geography,":[104],"biology.":[106],"further":[108],"develop":[109],"six-dimensional":[111],"quality":[112],"filtering":[113,135],"framework":[114],"trajectories.":[117],"mitigate":[119],"redundant,":[120],"ineffective,":[121],"erroneous":[123],"operations":[125,164],"commonly":[126],"found":[127],"existing":[129],"datasets,":[130],"propose":[132],"multi-stage":[134],"pipeline":[136],"together":[137],"with":[138,148,188],"an":[139],"adaptive":[140],"data":[141],"routing":[142],"strategy.":[143],"strategy":[145],"converts":[146],"samples":[147],"low":[149],"information":[151],"gain":[152],"into":[153],"pure":[154],"Reasoning-mode":[155],"enabling":[157],"learn":[161],"when":[162],"are":[165],"truly":[166],"necessary.":[167],"S1-VL":[168],"trained":[170],"four-stage":[173],"progressive":[174],"pipeline:":[175],"SFT,":[178,181],"cold-start":[180],"stages":[184],"of":[185,195],"reinforcement":[186],"learning":[187],"SAPO.":[189],"build":[191],"S1-VL-32B":[192,207],"top":[194],"Qwen3-VL-32B-Thinking":[196],"evaluate":[198],"it":[199],"13":[201],"benchmarks.":[202],"Experimental":[203],"results":[204],"show":[205],"achieves":[208],"state-of-the-art":[209],"performance":[210],"all":[212],"five":[213],"benchmarks,":[215],"including":[216],"HRBench-4K,":[217],"HRBench-8K,":[218],"MME-RealWorld-CN,":[219],"MME-RealWorld-Lite,":[220],"V*,":[222],"outperforms":[224],"compared":[225],"systems":[226],"benchmarks":[230],"Physics":[233],"VRSBench.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-25T00:00:00"}