{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155178246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18948","title":"Relationships Between Trust, Compliance, and Performance for Novice Programmers Using AI Code Generation","display_name":"Relationships Between Trust, Compliance, and Performance for Novice Programmers Using AI Code Generation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155178246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18948"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.18948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18948","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093833542","display_name":"Nicholas Gardella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6912-7462"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gardella, Nicholas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041183239","display_name":"Matthew L. Bolton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7943-0497"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bolton, Matthew L.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134097668","display_name":"Sara L. Riggs","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riggs, Sara L.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.1648000031709671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.1648000031709671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.0957999974489212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.09049999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5138000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compliance","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","score":0.5044999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.38449999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6991000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5138000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5044999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5042999982833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174063052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607013","display_name":"Pair programming","level":4,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52913732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857102","display_name":"Software design","level":4,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.18948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.18948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.520261287689209,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective.":[0],"To":[1],"explore":[2],"how":[3,68,127],"novice":[4,114],"programmers'":[5],"trust":[6,70,89,98,128,140,172,192],"in":[7,77,90,173],"Artificial":[8],"Intelligence-driven":[9],"Development":[10],"Environments":[11],"(AIDEs)":[12],"relates":[13],"to":[14,34,66,73,158,195,242],"their":[15],"coding":[16],"performance":[17,104,156],"and":[18,105,141,154,180,209,217,229,231],"AI":[19,214,227],"compliance":[20,107,143,148,194],"while":[21],"programming":[22,28,145],"under":[23],"time":[24],"pressure.":[25],"Background.":[26],"Computer":[27],"has":[29,56,84],"undergone":[30],"rapid":[31],"upheaval":[32],"due":[33],"state-of-the-art":[35],"AIDEs,":[36],"which":[37],"provide":[38],"clever":[39],"automation":[40,53],"for":[41,185,212],"many":[42],"aspects":[43],"of":[44,50,52,60,63,97,103,112,126,171,176,191,207,226,239],"software":[45,219],"development.":[46,220],"A":[47],"longstanding":[48],"interest":[49],"researchers":[51],"more":[54],"generally":[55],"been":[57],"the":[58,169,174,189,205],"attitude":[59],"trust.":[61,161],"Decades":[62],"research":[64,187],"seek":[65],"explain":[67],"influencing":[69],"can":[71,203],"help":[72],"achieve":[74],"desirable":[75,235],"outcomes":[76],"different":[78],"domains,":[79],"but":[80],"very":[81],"limited":[82],"work":[83,202],"provided":[85],"similar":[86],"focus":[87,232],"on":[88,193,233],"AIDEs.":[91],"Method.":[92],"We":[93,183],"collected":[94],"subjective":[95],"measures":[96,102],"along":[99],"with":[100,151,178],"objective":[101],"AIDE":[106],"from":[108,197],"a":[109,137],"diverse":[110],"group":[111],"27":[113],"programmers":[115],"between":[116,139],"two":[117],"study":[118],"locations.":[119],"Results.":[120],"Our":[121,163],"results":[122],"corroborated":[123],"traditional":[124],"understandings":[125],"changes":[129],"through":[130],"experiences.":[131],"However,":[132],"we":[133],"did":[134],"not":[135],"find":[136],"relationship":[138],"subsequent":[142,160],"during":[144],"tasks.":[146],"Greater":[147],"was":[149],"associated":[150],"strong":[152,155],"performance,":[153],"led":[157],"greater":[159],"Conclusion.":[162],"findings":[164],"raise":[165],"new":[166],"questions":[167],"about":[168],"utility":[170],"context":[175],"interacting":[177],"AIDEs":[179],"generative":[181,213],"AI.":[182,199],"call":[184],"further":[186],"into":[188],"effect":[190],"recommendations":[196],"imperfect":[198],"Application.":[200],"This":[201],"inform":[204],"design":[206],"training":[208],"educational":[210],"content":[211],"use":[215],"within":[216],"beyond":[218],"Instructional":[221],"designers":[222],"should":[223],"consider":[224],"risks":[225],"misuse":[228],"disuse":[230],"promoting":[234],"interaction":[236],"outcomes,":[237],"regardless":[238],"trust's":[240],"connection":[241],"them.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-23T00:00:00"}