{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155215847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18942","title":"Disparities In Negation Understanding Across Languages In Vision-Language Models","display_name":"Disparities In Negation Understanding Across Languages In Vision-Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155215847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18942"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.18942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18942","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134213622","display_name":"Charikleia Moraitaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moraitaki, Charikleia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104197532","display_name":"Sarah Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan, Sarah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134361952","display_name":"Skyler Pulling","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pulling, Skyler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134304134","display_name":"Gwendolyn Flusche","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flusche, Gwendolyn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134340177","display_name":"Kumail Alhamoud","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alhamoud, Kumail","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134305198","display_name":"Marzyeh Ghassemi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghassemi, Marzyeh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.7317000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.7317000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.07249999791383743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.03530000150203705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negation","display_name":"Negation","score":0.910099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tagalog","display_name":"Tagalog","score":0.5843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandarin-chinese","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4392000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raising","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agreement","display_name":"Agreement","score":0.3357999920845032}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2185349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190558","display_name":"Negation","level":2,"score":0.910099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.6607000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779388314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34057","display_name":"Tagalog","level":2,"score":0.5843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5342000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138954614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9192","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","level":2,"score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4392000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7285140","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776818064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829903","display_name":"Agreement","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153578388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351625","display_name":"Theoretical linguistics","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.18942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.18942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.817156970500946,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vision-language":[0],"models":[1],"(VLMs)":[2],"exhibit":[3],"affirmation":[4],"bias:":[5],"a":[6,120],"systematic":[7],"tendency":[8],"to":[9],"select":[10],"positive":[11],"captions":[12],"(\"X":[13],"is":[14],"present\")":[15],"even":[16],"when":[17],"the":[18,52,65,110],"correct":[19],"description":[20],"contains":[21],"negation":[22,38,69,122,160],"(\"no":[23],"X\").":[24],"While":[25],"prior":[26],"work":[27],"has":[28],"documented":[29],"this":[30],"failure":[31],"mode":[32],"in":[33,166],"English":[34],"and":[35,48,83,91,112,124,139,159],"proposed":[36,121],"solutions,":[37],"manifests":[39],"differently":[40],"across":[41,146],"languages":[42,133],"through":[43],"varying":[44],"morphology,":[45,157],"word":[46],"order,":[47],"cliticization":[49],"patterns,":[50],"raising":[51],"question":[53],"of":[54],"whether":[55,182],"these":[56],"solutions":[57,183],"serve":[58],"all":[59],"linguistic":[60,154],"communities":[61],"equitably.":[62],"We":[63,116],"introduce":[64],"first":[66],"human-verified":[67],"multilingual":[68,174],"benchmark,":[70],"spanning":[71],"seven":[72],"typologically":[73,147],"diverse":[74],"languages:":[75],"English,":[76,136],"Mandarin":[77],"Chinese,":[78],"Arabic,":[79],"Greek,":[80,137],"Russian,":[81],"Tagalog,":[82],"Spanish.":[84],"Evaluating":[85],"three":[86],"VLMs":[87,170],"-":[88,93,134,141],"CLIP,":[89],"SigLIP,":[90],"MultiCLIP":[92,108],"we":[94],"find":[95,125],"that":[96,126,153],"standard":[97],"CLIP":[98],"performs":[99],"at":[100],"or":[101],"below":[102],"chance":[103],"on":[104],"non-Latin-script":[105],"languages,":[106],"while":[107,142],"achieves":[109],"highest":[111],"most":[113],"uniform":[114],"accuracy.":[115],"also":[117],"evaluate":[118],"SpaceVLM,":[119],"correction,":[123],"it":[127],"produces":[128],"substantial":[129],"improvements":[130,165],"for":[131,178,186],"several":[132],"particularly":[135],"Spanish,":[138],"Tagalog":[140],"showing":[143],"varied":[144],"effectiveness":[145],"different":[148],"languages.":[149],"This":[150],"variation":[151],"reveals":[152],"properties":[155],"like":[156],"script,":[158],"structure":[161],"interact":[162],"with":[163],"model":[164],"fairness-relevant":[167],"ways.":[168],"As":[169],"are":[171,176],"deployed":[172],"globally,":[173],"benchmarks":[175],"essential":[177],"understanding":[179],"not":[180],"just":[181],"work,":[184],"but":[185],"whom.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-04-23T00:00:00"}
