{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155036695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18249","title":"Where Do Self-Supervised Speech Models Become Unfair?","display_name":"Where Do Self-Supervised Speech Models Become Unfair?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155036695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05597022v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05597022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18249","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099096330","display_name":"Felix Herron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9771-4994"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herron, Felix","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134157728","display_name":"Maja Hjuler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hjuler, Maja","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134176423","display_name":"Solange Rossato","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rossato, Solange","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134182924","display_name":"Alexandre Allauzen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allauzen, Alexandre","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134135759","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Portet","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Portet, Fran\u00e7ois","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.8054999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.8054999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.020600000396370888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5810999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-activity-detection","display_name":"Voice activity detection","score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.33880001306533813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7437000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.6093000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5810999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.3334999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155635449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4674699","display_name":"Acoustic model","level":3,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986627078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker identification","level":3,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05597022v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05597022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2026","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.18249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.18249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5804049372673035,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Speech":[0],"encoder":[1,45],"models":[2,46,93],"are":[3,135],"known":[4],"to":[5,149],"model":[6],"members":[7],"of":[8,41,84],"some":[9],"speaker":[10,53],"groups":[11],"(SGs)":[12],"better":[13],"than":[14],"others.":[15],"However,":[16],"there":[17],"has":[18],"been":[19],"little":[20],"work":[21],"in":[22,94,101,116],"establishing":[23],"why":[24],"this":[25],"occurs":[26],"on":[27,108],"a":[28],"technological":[29],"level.":[30],"To":[31],"our":[32,95],"knowledge,":[33],"we":[34,80],"present":[35],"the":[36,74,109],"first":[37,76],"layerwise":[38,85],"fairness":[39],"analysis":[40],"pretrained":[42],"self-supervised":[43],"speech":[44,57],"(S3Ms),":[47],"probing":[48,132],"each":[49],"embedding":[50],"layer":[51],"for":[52,69,87,91,127,137],"identification":[54],"(SID)":[55],"automatic":[56],"recognition":[58],"(ASR).":[59],"We":[60],"find":[61,81],"S3Ms":[62,133],"produce":[63],"embeddings":[64],"biased":[65],"against":[66],"certain":[67],"SGs":[68],"both":[70],"tasks,":[71],"starting":[72],"at":[73],"very":[75],"latent":[77],"layers.":[78],"Furthermore,":[79],"opposite":[82],"patterns":[83],"bias":[86,98,113,141],"SID":[88,97,106],"vs":[89],"ASR":[90,112,121,128],"all":[92],"study:":[96],"is":[99,114,129,142,147],"minimized":[100],"layers":[102,117],"that":[103,118,134],"minimize":[104,119],"overall":[105,120],"error;":[107],"other":[110],"hand,":[111],"maximized":[115],"error.":[122],"The":[123],"inverse":[124],"bias/error":[125],"relationship":[126],"unaffected":[130],"when":[131],"finetuned":[136],"ASR,":[138],"suggesting":[139],"SG-level":[140],"established":[143],"during":[144],"pretraining":[145],"and":[146],"difficult":[148],"remove.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-22T00:00:00"}