{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155103313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18210","title":"TacticGen: Grounding Adaptable and Scalable Generation of Football Tactics","display_name":"TacticGen: Grounding Adaptable and Scalable Generation of Football Tactics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155103313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18210"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.18210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18210","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004345759","display_name":"Sheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9017-1510"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134146548","display_name":"Guiliang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Guiliang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033445859","display_name":"Tarak Kharrat","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kharrat, Tarak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101833585","display_name":"Yudong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-703X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo, Yudong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081635685","display_name":"Mohamed Aloulou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aloulou, Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112245875","display_name":"Javier L\u00f3pez Pe\u00f1a","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pe\u00f1a, Javier L\u00f3pez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134137521","display_name":"Konstantin Sofeikov","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofeikov, Konstantin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134124350","display_name":"Adam Reid","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reid, Adam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134175618","display_name":"Paul Roberts","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberts, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134114341","display_name":"Steven Spencer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spencer, Steven","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134117670","display_name":"Joe Carnall","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carnall, Joe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061043695","display_name":"Ian G. McHale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7686-3879"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McHale, Ian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026297632","display_name":"Oliver Schulte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2805-4313"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schulte, Oliver","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046703129","display_name":"Hongyuan Zha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7493-0911"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zha, Hongyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108050904","display_name":"Wei\u2010Shi Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-0003"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng, Wei-Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":15,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004345759"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.6938999891281128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.6938999891281128,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.053199999034404755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.03959999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/football","display_name":"Football","score":0.6474999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6105999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5464000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.5286999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.32019999623298645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.6474999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6105999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5562999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5464000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5286999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.41670000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.18210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.18210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.18210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Success":[0],"in":[1,15,130,187],"association":[2],"football":[3,170],"relies":[4],"on":[5,85,135],"both":[6],"individual":[7],"skill":[8],"and":[9,18,70,82,98,104,109,118],"coordinated":[10],"tactics.":[11],"While":[12],"recent":[13],"advancements":[14],"spatio-temporal":[16],"data":[17],"deep":[19],"learning":[20],"have":[21],"enabled":[22],"predictive":[23],"analyses":[24],"like":[25],"trajectory":[26],"forecasting,":[27],"the":[28,86,110],"development":[29],"of":[30,79],"tactical":[31,185],"design":[32],"remains":[33],"limited.":[34],"Bridging":[35],"this":[36,60],"gap":[37],"is":[38,44,162,193],"essential,":[39],"as":[40,77],"prediction":[41],"reveals":[42],"what":[43,52],"likely":[45],"to":[46,55,101,143],"occur,":[47],"whereas":[48],"tactic":[49,72,140],"generation":[50,141],"determines":[51],"should":[53],"occur":[54],"achieve":[56],"strategic":[57],"objectives.":[58],"In":[59],"work,":[61],"we":[62],"present":[63],"TacticGen,":[64],"a":[65,91],"generative":[66],"model":[67],"for":[68,184],"adaptable":[69,139],"scalable":[71],"generation.":[73],"TacticGen":[74,126,137,174],"formulates":[75],"tactics":[76],"sequences":[78],"multi-agent":[80,92],"movements":[81],"interactions":[83],"conditioned":[84],"game":[87],"context.":[88],"It":[89],"employs":[90],"diffusion":[93],"transformer":[94],"with":[95,113,169],"agent-wise":[96],"self-attention":[97],"context-aware":[99],"cross-attention":[100],"capture":[102],"cooperative":[103],"competitive":[105],"dynamics":[106],"among":[107],"players":[108],"ball.":[111],"Trained":[112],"over":[114],"3.3":[115],"million":[116,120],"events":[117],"100":[119],"tracking":[121],"frames":[122],"from":[123],"top-tier":[124],"leagues,":[125],"achieves":[127],"state-of-the-art":[128],"precision":[129],"predicting":[131],"player":[132],"trajectories.":[133],"Building":[134],"it,":[136],"enables":[138],"tailored":[142],"diverse":[144],"inference-time":[145],"objectives":[146],"through":[147],"classifier":[148],"guidance":[149],"mechanism,":[150],"specified":[151],"via":[152],"rules,":[153],"natural":[154],"language,":[155],"or":[156],"neural":[157],"models.":[158],"Its":[159],"modeling":[160],"performance":[161],"also":[163],"inherently":[164],"scalable.":[165],"A":[166],"case":[167],"study":[168],"experts":[171],"confirms":[172],"that":[173],"generates":[175],"realistic,":[176],"strategically":[177],"valuable":[178],"tactics,":[179],"demonstrating":[180],"its":[181],"practical":[182],"utility":[183],"planning":[186],"professional":[188],"football.":[189],"The":[190],"project":[191],"page":[192],"available":[194],"at:":[195],"https://shengxu.net/TacticGen/.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-04-22T00:00:00"}