{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155062811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.17643","title":"Is segregation encoded in urban form? An entropy-based analysis","display_name":"Is segregation encoded in urban form? An entropy-based analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155062811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.17643"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.17643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.17643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.17643","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122172388","display_name":"Vinicius Netto","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Netto, Vinicius M.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070009899","display_name":"Caio Cacholas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cacholas, Caio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050717797","display_name":"C. A. de Carvalho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2662-7536"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carvalho, Camila","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056068014","display_name":"Edgardo Brigatti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2981-3270"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brigatti, Edgardo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122172388"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.6819000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.6819000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.15320000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10239","display_name":"Urban Planning and Governance","score":0.06129999831318855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index-of-dissimilarity","display_name":"Index of dissimilarity","score":0.6031000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5842999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-ecology","display_name":"Spatial ecology","score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neighbourhood","display_name":"Neighbourhood (mathematics)","score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution","display_name":"Spatial distribution","score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.35120001435279846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134246092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6018862","display_name":"Index of dissimilarity","level":2,"score":0.6031000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5842999815940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.49129998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161677786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2478475","display_name":"Neighbourhood (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194995250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531136","display_name":"Affordance","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519300510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915542","display_name":"Income distribution","level":3,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988151755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q702492","display_name":"Urban space","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173727882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153620","display_name":"Common spatial pattern","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.17643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.17643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.17643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.17643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.4476717710494995,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"footprints":[1],"of":[2,12,20,29,53,127,152,195],"residential":[3,35,121],"segregation":[4,21,36],"have":[5],"long":[6],"been":[7],"documented,":[8],"yet":[9],"the":[10,27,30,50,81,128,136,177],"role":[11],"urban":[13,144],"form":[14,182],"as":[15,190],"both":[16,89,125,191],"medium":[17],"and":[18,56,84,87,116,120,157,173,193],"manifestation":[19],"remains":[22],"under-specified.":[23],"We":[24,63],"investigate":[25],"whether":[26],"configuration":[28],"built":[31,181],"fabric":[32],"may":[33],"encode":[34],"in":[37,60,160],"its":[38],"spatial":[39,51,93,150],"structure,":[40],"hypothesising":[41],"that":[42,142,180],"built-form":[43],"entropy":[44,129],"(BFE)":[45],"regimes":[46],"are":[47,146],"associated":[48,147],"with":[49,131,148],"distribution":[52],"income":[54,118],"groups":[55],"their":[57],"local":[58],"clustering":[59,122],"non-linear":[61,111],"ways.":[62],"examine":[64],"this":[65,100],"by":[66,171],"quantifying":[67],"BFE":[68],"through":[69,95],"a":[70,91,96,132,186],"Shannon-based":[71],"measure":[72],"computed":[73],"from":[74],"building":[75],"footprints,":[76],"characterising":[77],"income-based":[78],"distributions":[79],"using":[80],"Gini":[82],"index":[83],"Moran's":[85],"I,":[86],"placing":[88],"on":[90],"common":[92],"footing":[94],"regular":[97],"tessellation.":[98],"Applying":[99],"framework":[101],"to":[102],"Sao":[103],"Paulo,":[104],"Latin":[105],"America's":[106],"largest":[107],"city,":[108],"we":[109],"find":[110],"relationships":[112],"between":[113],"BFE,":[114],"income,":[115],"segregation:":[117],"levels":[119],"increase":[123],"toward":[124],"extremes":[126],"spectrum,":[130],"stronger":[133],"rise":[134],"at":[135],"high-entropy":[137,143],"end.":[138],"This":[139],"asymmetry":[140],"suggests":[141],"forms":[145,165],"distinct":[149],"processes":[151],"segregation,":[153],"including":[154],"elite":[155],"enclaving":[156],"incremental":[158],"development":[159],"lower-income":[161],"settlements,":[162],"while":[163],"low-entropy":[164],"reflect":[166],"more":[167,184],"selective":[168],"occupation":[169],"shaped":[170],"planning":[172],"market":[174],"filtering.":[175],"Overall,":[176],"findings":[178],"suggest":[179],"is":[183],"than":[185],"neutral":[187],"backdrop,":[188],"functioning":[189],"affordance":[192],"signal":[194],"segregation.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T06:07:44.442478","created_date":"2026-04-22T00:00:00"}
