{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155064658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.17329","title":"A Pilot Study on Detecting Software Design Patterns with Large Language Models: An Empirical Evaluation","display_name":"A Pilot Study on Detecting Software Design Patterns with Large Language Models: An Empirical Evaluation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155064658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.17329"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.17329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.17329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.17329","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134211918","display_name":"Oishik Chowdhury","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chowdhury, Oishik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061198582","display_name":"Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3213-6319"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Savarimuthu, Bastin Tony Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134153191","display_name":"Sherlock A. Licorish","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licorish, Sherlock A.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-design-pattern","display_name":"Software design pattern","score":0.5777000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5184999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-design","display_name":"Software design","score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.4472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-language","display_name":"Pattern language (formal languages)","score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.3617999851703644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146054899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181156","display_name":"Software design pattern","level":3,"score":0.5777000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5184999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52913732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857102","display_name":"Software design","level":4,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.4472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776362478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156908","display_name":"Pattern language (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4043000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14501506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5253831","display_name":"Design pattern","level":2,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164202143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635280","display_name":"Structural pattern","level":5,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49777639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264354","display_name":"Design language","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.17329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.17329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.17329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.17329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Design":[0],"patterns":[1,13],"provide":[2],"reusable":[3],"solutions":[4],"to":[5,33],"recurring":[6],"software":[7,25],"design":[8,59,110,129,153],"problems.":[9],"Automatically":[10],"detecting":[11,128],"these":[12],"in":[14],"source":[15,94,102],"code":[16],"can":[17,29],"help":[18,30],"bootstrap":[19],"new":[20],"developers'":[21],"understanding":[22],"of":[23,63,75,93,100,108,152],"unfamiliar":[24],"system":[26],"architectures,":[27],"and":[28,36,50,68,96,116,133,144],"experienced":[31],"developers":[32],"quickly":[34],"identify":[35,157],"rectify":[37],"potential":[38],"quality":[39],"issues.":[40],"While":[41],"many":[42],"prior":[43],"research":[44],"works":[45],"have":[46],"explored":[47],"graph":[48],"based":[49,52],"machine-learning":[51],"detection":[53,107],"techniques,":[54],"this":[55],"work":[56],"evaluates":[57],"the":[58,76,101,106,145,149],"pattern":[60,154],"recognition":[61],"capabilities":[62],"four":[64,77],"Large":[65],"Language":[66],"Models":[67],"two":[69],"ensemble":[70,146],"approaches":[71,147],"consisting":[72],"three":[73],"out":[74],"models.":[78],"We":[79,104,156],"also":[80],"compare":[81],"their":[82],"performance":[83],"when":[84],"prompted":[85],"with":[86,131],"a)":[87],"Source":[88],"code,":[89,95],"b)":[90],"PlantUML":[91],"representation":[92],"c)":[97],"Text-based":[98],"descriptions":[99],"code.":[103],"investigate":[105],"five":[109],"patterns:":[111],"singleton,":[112],"adapter,":[113],"bridge,":[114],"composite":[115],"decorator.":[117],"Our":[118],"preliminary":[119],"results":[120],"indicate":[121],"that":[122],"LLMs":[123],"show":[124],"promise":[125],"for":[126,160],"automatically":[127],"patterns,":[130],"NextCoder":[132],"Gemma":[134],"3":[135],"demonstrating":[136],"comparatively":[137],"higher":[138],"accuracy":[139],"than":[140],"other":[141],"models":[142],"evaluated,":[143],"enhancing":[148],"overall":[150],"efficiency":[151],"detection.":[155],"several":[158],"directions":[159],"future":[161],"work.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-22T00:00:00"}
