{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154742601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14548","title":"VoxSafeBench: Not Just What Is Said, but Who, How, and Where","display_name":"VoxSafeBench: Not Just What Is Said, but Who, How, and Where","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154742601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14548"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.14548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14548","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133901635","display_name":"Yuxiang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yuxiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133907122","display_name":"Hongyu Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Hongyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133909275","display_name":"Yijiang Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Yijiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105103028","display_name":"Qinke Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ni, Qinke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133871371","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133888497","display_name":"Wan Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113274219","display_name":"Kunyu Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng, Kunyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133902982","display_name":"Dekun Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Dekun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133899443","display_name":"Xu Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan, Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061108471","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-861X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005240419","display_name":"Jie Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-8160"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi, Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133850904","display_name":"Zhizheng Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Zhizheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133901635"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.0860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.0860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.07339999824762344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.06830000132322311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paralanguage","display_name":"Paralanguage","score":0.7031999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.5946999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflation","display_name":"Conflation","score":0.5685999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5436999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disadvantage","display_name":"Disadvantage","score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.3774000108242035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133378560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753225","display_name":"Paralanguage","level":2,"score":0.7031999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6326000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.5946999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130440534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14946528","display_name":"Conflation","level":2,"score":0.5685999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5436999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777673361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281228","display_name":"Disadvantage","level":2,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778689934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1313396","display_name":"Headline","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59656382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191536","display_name":"Conjunction (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.14548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.14548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6229128837585449,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"speech":[1,220],"language":[2],"models":[3],"(SLMs)":[4],"transition":[5],"from":[6],"personal":[7],"devices":[8],"into":[9,43],"shared,":[10],"multi-user":[11],"environments,":[12],"their":[13],"responses":[14],"must":[15,242],"account":[16],"for":[17,192],"far":[18],"more":[19],"than":[20],"the":[21,32,87,126,131,136,141,227,239],"words":[22],"alone.":[23],"Who":[24],"is":[25,46,69,128],"speaking,":[26],"how":[27],"they":[28],"sound,":[29],"and":[30,102,116,152,194,205,248],"where":[31],"conversation":[33],"takes":[34],"place":[35],"can":[36,157],"each":[37],"turn":[38],"an":[39],"otherwise":[40],"benign":[41,129],"request":[42],"one":[44],"that":[45,68,74,154,179],"unsafe,":[47],"unfair,":[48],"or":[49,65,140],"privacy-violating.":[50],"Existing":[51],"benchmarks,":[52],"however,":[53],"largely":[54],"focus":[55],"on":[56,135,168,183],"basic":[57],"audio":[58,117],"comprehension,":[59],"study":[60],"individual":[61],"risks":[62,112,123],"in":[63,95,124,187,231,245],"isolation,":[64],"conflate":[66],"content":[67,73],"inherently":[70],"harmful":[71],"with":[72,174],"only":[75],"becomes":[76],"problematic":[77],"due":[78],"to":[79,90,166,235],"its":[80],"acoustic":[81,161],"context.":[82],"We":[83],"introduce":[84],"VoxSafeBench,":[85],"among":[86],"first":[88],"benchmarks":[89],"jointly":[91],"evaluate":[92],"social":[93,229],"alignment":[94],"SLMs":[96,156,224],"across":[97],"three":[98],"dimensions:":[99],"safety,":[100],"fairness,":[101],"privacy.":[103],"VoxSafeBench":[104],"adopts":[105],"a":[106,218],"Two-Tier":[107],"design:":[108],"Tier1":[109],"evaluates":[110],"content-centric":[111],"using":[113],"matched":[114],"text":[115,184,232],"inputs,":[118],"while":[119],"Tier2":[120],"targets":[121],"audio-conditioned":[122],"which":[125],"transcript":[127],"but":[130,233],"appropriate":[132],"response":[133],"hinges":[134],"speaker,":[137],"paralinguistic":[138],"cues,":[139],"surrounding":[142],"environment.":[143],"To":[144],"validate":[145],"Tier2,":[146],"we":[147,177],"include":[148],"intermediate":[149],"perception":[150],"probes":[151],"confirm":[153],"frontier":[155],"successfully":[158],"detect":[159],"these":[160,215],"cues":[162,211],"yet":[163],"still":[164],"fail":[165,234],"act":[167],"them":[169],"appropriately.":[170],"Across":[171],"22":[172],"tasks":[173],"bilingual":[175],"coverage,":[176],"find":[178],"safeguards":[180],"appearing":[181],"robust":[182],"often":[185],"degrade":[186],"speech:":[188],"safety":[189],"awareness":[190],"drops":[191],"speaker-":[193],"scene-conditioned":[195],"risks,":[196],"fairness":[197],"erodes":[198],"when":[199,209,238],"demographic":[200],"differences":[201],"are":[202,250],"conveyed":[203],"vocally,":[204],"privacy":[206],"protections":[207],"falter":[208],"contextual":[210],"arrive":[212],"acoustically.":[213],"Together,":[214],"results":[216],"expose":[217],"pervasive":[219],"grounding":[221],"gap:":[222],"current":[223],"frequently":[225],"recognize":[226],"relevant":[228],"norm":[230],"apply":[236],"it":[237],"decisive":[240],"cue":[241],"be":[243],"grounded":[244],"speech.":[246],"Code":[247],"data":[249],"publicly":[251],"available":[252],"at:":[253],"https://amphionteam.github.io/VoxSafeBench_demopage/":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2026-04-18T00:00:00"}
