{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154708646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14209","title":"Towards Verified and Targeted Explanations through Formal Methods","display_name":"Towards Verified and Targeted Explanations through Formal Methods","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154708646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14209"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.14209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14209","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057891786","display_name":"Hanchen David Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5990-5865"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Hanchen David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021939745","display_name":"Diego Manzanas Lopez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0721-1241"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lopez, Diego Manzanas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028566361","display_name":"Preston K. Robinette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-2179"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robinette, Preston K.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020532873","display_name":"\u0130pek O\u011fuz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1403-2420"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oguz, Ipek","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067901159","display_name":"Taylor T. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-9923"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johnson, Taylor T.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133834977","display_name":"Meiyi Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Meiyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057891786"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.8866000175476074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.8866000175476074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.09260000288486481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5701000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability","display_name":"Reachability","score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.36399999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7148000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5701000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5663999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.566100001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.48010000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4528999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.3889000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985583900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722617","display_name":"Formal description","level":2,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144701195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859910","display_name":"Theory","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102315432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649732","display_name":"Formal system","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146834321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2979672","display_name":"Closure (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.14209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.14209","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.755200982093811,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"deep":[1],"neural":[2],"networks":[3],"are":[4,20],"deployed":[5],"in":[6],"safety-critical":[7,72],"domains":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10],"autonomous":[11],"driving":[12],"and":[13,105,126,146,208],"medical":[14],"diagnosis,":[15],"stakeholders":[16],"need":[17],"explanations":[18,116,195],"that":[19,112,154],"interpretable":[21],"but":[22,43],"also":[23],"trustworthy":[24],"with":[25,96,117,215],"formal":[26,52,109,149],"guarantees.":[27,119],"Existing":[28],"XAI":[29,110],"methods":[30,53],"fall":[31],"short:":[32],"heuristic":[33],"attribution":[34],"techniques":[35],"(e.g.,":[36],"LIME,":[37],"Integrated":[38],"Gradients)":[39],"highlight":[40],"influential":[41],"features":[42,157],"offer":[44],"no":[45],"mathematical":[46,118],"guarantees":[47],"about":[48],"decision":[49],"boundaries,":[50],"while":[51],"verify":[54],"robustness":[55],"yet":[56],"remain":[57],"untargeted,":[58],"analyzing":[59],"the":[60,136,143,162,188],"nearest":[61],"boundary":[62],"regardless":[63],"of":[64,196],"whether":[65,173],"it":[66,95],"represents":[67],"a":[68,81,85,97,108,121,127,174,182,197],"critical":[69,129],"risk.":[70],"In":[71],"systems,":[73],"not":[74],"all":[75],"misclassifications":[76],"carry":[77],"equal":[78],"consequences;":[79],"confusing":[80,94],"\"Stop\"":[82],"sign":[83,88],"for":[84],"\"60":[86],"kph\"":[87],"is":[89,187],"far":[90],"more":[91],"dangerous":[92],"than":[93],"\"No":[98],"Passing\"":[99],"sign.":[100],"We":[101,166],"introduce":[102],"ViTaX":[103,186],"(Verified":[104],"Targeted":[106,170],"Explanations),":[107],"framework":[111],"generates":[113],"targeted":[114],"semifactual":[115],"For":[120],"given":[122],"input":[123],"(class":[124,131],"y)":[125],"user-specified":[128],"alternative":[130],"t),":[132],"ViTaX:":[133],"(1)":[134],"identifies":[135],"minimal":[137,216],"feature":[138,175],"subset":[139,176],"most":[140],"sensitive":[141],"to":[142,152,164,191],"y-&gt;t":[144],"transition,":[145],"(2)":[147],"applies":[148],"reachability":[150],"analysis":[151],"guarantee":[153],"perturbing":[155],"these":[156],"by":[158],"epsilon":[159],"cannot":[160],"flip":[161],"classification":[163],"t.":[165],"formalize":[167],"this":[168],"through":[169],"epsilon-Robustness,":[171],"certifying":[172],"remains":[177],"robust":[178],"under":[179],"perturbation":[180],"toward":[181],"specific":[183],"target":[184],"class.":[185],"first":[189],"method":[190],"provide":[192],"formally":[193],"guaranteed":[194],"model's":[198],"resilience":[199],"against":[200],"user-identified":[201],"alternatives.":[202],"Evaluations":[203],"on":[204],"MNIST,":[205],"GTSRB,":[206],"EMNIST,":[207],"TaxiNet":[209],"demonstrate":[210],"over":[211],"30%":[212],"fidelity":[213],"improvement":[214],"explanation":[217],"cardinality.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-04-18T00:00:00"}
