{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154730065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14164","title":"How to Fine-Tune a Reasoning Model? A Teacher-Student Cooperation Framework to Synthesize Student-Consistent SFT Data","display_name":"How to Fine-Tune a Reasoning Model? A Teacher-Student Cooperation Framework to Synthesize Student-Consistent SFT Data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154730065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14164"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.14164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14164","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133901762","display_name":"Zixian Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Zixian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133879658","display_name":"Kaichen Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Kaichen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133913046","display_name":"Xu Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133898440","display_name":"Feiyang Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao, Feiyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109786310","display_name":"Qiming Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge, Qiming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133863625","display_name":"Bowen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Bowen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101594097","display_name":"He Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9547-1459"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Du, He","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133897554","display_name":"Kai Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Kai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133888116","display_name":"Qipeng Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo, Qipeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133901762"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.08420000225305557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.08420000225305557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.07900000363588333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.0723000019788742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6265000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5601000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-consistency","display_name":"Data consistency","score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.3741999864578247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7275999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6265000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5601000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984949393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1260241","display_name":"Drop out","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.14164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.14164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.14164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.41719281673431396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"widely":[1],"adopted":[2],"strategy":[3],"for":[4,17,22],"model":[5,16],"enhancement":[6],"is":[7],"to":[8,32,40,88,135],"use":[9],"synthetic":[10,98],"data":[11,57,133],"generated":[12,56],"by":[13],"a":[14,41,64,75],"stronger":[15],"supervised":[18],"fine-tuning":[19,129],"(SFT).":[20],"However,":[21],"emerging":[23],"reasoning":[24,34,104],"models":[25,87],"like":[26],"Qwen3-8B,":[27],"this":[28,47,71],"approach":[29],"often":[30],"fails":[31],"improve":[33],"capabilities":[35,105],"and":[36,58,85,92,142,152],"can":[37],"even":[38],"lead":[39],"substantial":[42,51],"drop":[43],"in":[44],"performance.":[45],"In":[46,119],"work,":[48],"we":[49,73],"identify":[50],"stylistic":[52,111],"divergence":[53],"between":[54],"teacher":[55,84,108],"the":[59,102,107,114,117,127],"distribution":[60,115],"of":[61,106,116,138,150],"student":[62,86],"as":[63,126],"major":[65],"factor":[66],"impacting":[67],"SFT.":[68],"To":[69],"bridge":[70],"gap,":[72],"propose":[74],"Teacher-Student":[76],"Cooperation":[77],"Data":[78],"Synthesis":[79],"framework":[80],"(TESSY),":[81],"which":[82],"interleaves":[83],"alternately":[89],"generate":[90],"style":[91],"non-style":[93],"tokens.":[94],"Consequently,":[95],"TESSY":[96,147],"produces":[97],"sequences":[99],"that":[100],"inherit":[101],"advanced":[103],"while":[109],"maintaining":[110],"consistency":[112],"with":[113],"student.":[118],"experiments":[120],"on":[121,131,140,144],"code":[122],"generation":[123],"using":[124],"GPT-OSS-120B":[125],"teacher,":[128],"Qwen3-8B":[130],"teacher-generated":[132],"leads":[134],"performance":[136],"drops":[137],"3.25%":[139],"LiveCodeBench-Pro":[141],"10.02%":[143],"OJBench,":[145],"whereas":[146],"achieves":[148],"improvements":[149],"11.25%":[151],"6.68%.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T06:05:20.339008","created_date":"2026-04-18T00:00:00"}