{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154600473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.13959","title":"[Emerging Ideas] Artificial Tripartite Intelligence: A Bio-Inspired, Sensor-First Architecture for Physical AI","display_name":"[Emerging Ideas] Artificial Tripartite Intelligence: A Bio-Inspired, Sensor-First Architecture for Physical AI","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154600473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.13959"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.13959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.13959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.13959","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070369834","display_name":"You Rim Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1068-7403"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choi, You Rim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056761139","display_name":"Subeom Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Park, Subeom","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065781070","display_name":"Hyung\u2010Sin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8605-5077"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim, Hyung-Sin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.11180000007152557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.11180000007152557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.10260000079870224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.06859999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6794000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6607000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4788999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.3287999927997589}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6938999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6794000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6607000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5906999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4788999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.13959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.13959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.13959","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.13959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"AI":[1,16],"moves":[2],"from":[3,170],"data":[4],"centers":[5],"to":[6,116,158,172],"robots":[7],"and":[8,23,26,75,85,96,99,112,126,130,148,189],"wearables,":[9],"scaling":[10],"ever-larger":[11],"models":[12],"becomes":[13],"insufficient.":[14],"Physical":[15],"operates":[17],"under":[18,145],"tight":[19],"latency,":[20],"energy,":[21],"privacy,":[22],"reliability":[24],"constraints,":[25],"its":[27],"performance":[28],"depends":[29],"not":[30],"only":[31,134],"on":[32,37,128],"model":[33,114],"capacity":[34],"but":[35],"also":[36],"how":[38],"signals":[39],"are":[40],"acquired":[41],"through":[42],"controllable":[43],"sensors":[44],"in":[45,140],"dynamic":[46,146],"environments.":[47],"We":[48,137],"present":[49],"Artificial":[50],"Tripartite":[51],"Intelligence":[52],"(ATI),":[53],"a":[54,69,78,86,141],"bio-inspired,":[55],"sensor-first":[56],"architectural":[57],"contract":[58],"for":[59,191],"physical":[60],"AI.":[61,193],"ATI":[62,139,163],"is":[63],"tripartite":[64],"at":[65],"the":[66,159,184],"systems":[67],"level:":[68],"Brainstem":[70],"(L1)":[71],"provides":[72],"reflexive":[73],"safety":[74],"signal-integrity":[76],"control,":[77,107],"Cerebellum":[79],"(L2)":[80],"performs":[81],"continuous":[82],"sensor":[83,106],"calibration,":[84],"Cerebral":[87],"Inference":[88],"Subsystem":[89],"spanning":[90],"L3/L4":[91],"supports":[92],"routine":[93],"skill":[94],"selection":[95],"execution,":[97,111],"coordination,":[98],"deep":[100],"reasoning.":[101],"This":[102],"modular":[103],"organization":[104],"allows":[105],"adaptive":[108,165],"sensing,":[109],"edge-cloud":[110],"foundation":[113],"reasoning":[115],"co-evolve":[117],"within":[118],"one":[119],"closed-loop":[120],"architecture,":[121],"while":[122,174],"keeping":[123],"time-critical":[124],"sensing":[125,188],"control":[127],"device":[129],"invoking":[131],"higher-level":[132],"inference":[133,190],"when":[135],"needed.":[136],"instantiate":[138],"mobile":[142],"camera":[143],"prototype":[144],"lighting":[147],"motion.":[149],"In":[150],"our":[151],"routed":[152],"evaluation":[153],"(L3-L4":[154],"split":[155],"inference),":[156],"compared":[157],"default":[160],"auto-exposure":[161],"setting,":[162],"(L1/L2":[164],"sensing)":[166],"improves":[167],"end-to-end":[168],"accuracy":[169],"53.8%":[171],"88%":[173],"reducing":[175],"remote":[176],"L4":[177],"invocations":[178],"by":[179],"43.3%.":[180],"These":[181],"results":[182],"show":[183],"value":[185],"of":[186],"co-designing":[187],"embodied":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-17T00:00:00"}