{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154616628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.13878","title":"Drowsiness-Aware Adaptive Autonomous Braking System based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced Road Safety","display_name":"Drowsiness-Aware Adaptive Autonomous Braking System based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced Road Safety","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154616628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.13878"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.13878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.13878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.13878","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007542844","display_name":"Hossem Eddine Hafidi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafidi, Hossem Eddine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049891904","display_name":"Elisabetta De Giovanni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-5140"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De Giovanni, Elisabetta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015936759","display_name":"Teodoro Montanaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1750-8268"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Montanaro, Teodoro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076723887","display_name":"Ilaria Sergi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3797-3039"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergi, Ilaria","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007218240","display_name":"Massimo De Vittorio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-6392"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"De Vittorio, Massimo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051033432","display_name":"Luigi Patrono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8591-1190"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrono, Luigi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.66839998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6078000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5170999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/braking-system","display_name":"Braking system","score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-safety","display_name":"Active safety","score":0.3538999855518341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.66839998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6078000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5498999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5170999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988389982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1534839","display_name":"Braking system","level":3,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127757376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2056514","display_name":"Active safety","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79487989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934680","display_name":"Vehicle dynamics","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82327864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835100","display_name":"Intelligent control","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.13878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.13878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.13878","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.13878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4235670864582062,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driver":[0],"drowsiness":[1,83],"significantly":[2],"impairs":[3],"the":[4,88,124,144],"ability":[5],"to":[6,15,17,29],"accurately":[7],"judge":[8],"safe":[9],"braking":[10,44],"distances":[11],"and":[12,78,112,138,153],"is":[13,55,85,102,110],"estimated":[14],"contribute":[16],"10%-20%":[18],"of":[19,72,92,146],"road":[20],"accidents":[21],"in":[22,114,132],"Europe.":[23],"Traditional":[24],"driver-assistance":[25],"systems":[26],"lack":[27],"adaptability":[28],"real-time":[30],"physiological":[31,52],"states":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34,104],"drowsiness.":[35],"This":[36],"paper":[37],"proposes":[38],"a":[39,61,93,115,128],"deep":[40],"reinforcement":[41],"learning-based":[42],"autonomous":[43],"system":[45,109],"that":[46,123],"integrates":[47],"vehicle":[48],"dynamics":[49],"with":[50,75],"driver":[51,100],"data.":[53],"Drowsiness":[54],"detected":[56],"from":[57],"ECG":[58],"signals":[59],"using":[60],"Recurrent":[62],"Neural":[63],"Network":[64],"(RNN),":[65],"selected":[66],"through":[67],"an":[68,105],"extensive":[69],"benchmark":[70],"analysis":[71],"2-minute":[73],"windows":[74],"varying":[76],"segmentation":[77],"overlap":[79],"configurations.":[80],"The":[81,108],"inferred":[82],"state":[84,90],"incorporated":[86],"into":[87],"observable":[89],"space":[91],"Double-Dueling":[94],"Deep":[95],"Q-Network":[96],"(DQN)":[97],"agent,":[98],"where":[99],"impairment":[101],"modeled":[103],"action":[106],"delay.":[107],"implemented":[111],"evaluated":[113],"high-fidelity":[116],"CARLA":[117],"simulation":[118],"environment.":[119],"Experimental":[120],"results":[121],"show":[122],"proposed":[125],"agent":[126],"achieves":[127],"99.99%":[129],"success":[130],"rate":[131],"avoiding":[133],"collisions":[134],"under":[135],"both":[136],"drowsy":[137],"non-drowsy":[139],"conditions.":[140],"These":[141],"findings":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"effectiveness":[145],"physiology-aware":[147],"control":[148],"strategies":[149],"for":[150],"enhancing":[151],"adaptive":[152],"intelligent":[154],"driving":[155],"safety":[156],"systems.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-17T00:00:00"}
