{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154480063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12804","title":"Grid-Forming Characterization in DC Microgrids","display_name":"Grid-Forming Characterization in DC Microgrids","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154480063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12804"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12804","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119789339","display_name":"Jovan Krajacic","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krajacic, Jovan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000022815","display_name":"Ognjen Stanojev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6594-3881"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanojev, Ognjen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017632747","display_name":"Mario Schweizer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0920-4849"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schweizer, Mario","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089273409","display_name":"Or\u00e7un Karaca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-3709"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karaca, Orcun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029570783","display_name":"Gabriela Hug","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-616X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hug, Gabriela","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133712709","display_name":"Vladan Lazarevi\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lazarevi\u0107, Vladan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5591999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.322299987077713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5591999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5404999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.43810001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196796808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132629","display_name":"Electrical network","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12804","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5120634436607361,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DC":[0,90],"microgrids":[1],"are":[2,7],"converter-based":[3],"electrical":[4],"networks":[5],"that":[6,80,103,129],"increasingly":[8],"being":[9],"used":[10,106],"in":[11,24,82,89],"various":[12],"applications,":[13],"including":[14],"data":[15],"centers":[16],"and":[17,60,68,71,111,149,153],"industrial":[18],"distribution":[19],"systems.":[20],"A":[21],"central":[22],"challenge":[23],"their":[25,66],"operation":[26],"is":[27],"maintaining":[28],"the":[29,55,75,109,125,139,142,151],"DC-bus":[30,132],"voltage":[31,133],"within":[32],"predefined":[33],"limits":[34],"while":[35],"ensuring":[36],"overall":[37],"system":[38],"stability.":[39],"Although":[40],"a":[41,58,115,121],"wide":[42],"variety":[43],"of":[44,114,141,155],"converter":[45,127],"control":[46,147,157],"algorithms":[47],"has":[48,85],"been":[49,87],"proposed":[50],"to":[51,107,144],"achieve":[52],"these":[53,156],"objectives,":[54],"literature":[56],"lacks":[57],"clear":[59],"physically":[61],"interpretable":[62],"framework":[63,143],"for":[64,69,123],"evaluating":[65],"effectiveness":[67],"classifying":[70],"comparing":[72],"them.":[73],"Moreover,":[74],"grid-forming":[76],"versus":[77],"grid-following":[78],"distinction":[79],"exists":[81],"AC":[83],"systems":[84],"largely":[86],"unexplored":[88],"microgrids.":[91],"To":[92],"address":[93],"this":[94,96],"gap,":[95],"paper":[97],"introduces":[98],"three":[99],"novel":[100],"impedance-based":[101],"indices":[102,118],"can":[104],"be":[105],"quantify":[108],"voltage-forming":[110],"current-forming":[112],"behavior":[113,128],"converter.":[116],"The":[117],"also":[119],"provide":[120],"basis":[122],"defining":[124],"desired":[126],"yields":[130],"superior":[131],"regulation":[134],"performance.":[135],"Simulation":[136],"results":[137],"illustrate":[138],"application":[140],"several":[145],"representative":[146],"strategies":[148],"highlight":[150],"strengths":[152],"limitations":[154],"algorithms.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-04-16T00:00:00"}