{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154450949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12490","title":"Deepfakes at Face Value: Image and Authority","display_name":"Deepfakes at Face Value: Image and Authority","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154450949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12490"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12490","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025721469","display_name":"James Ravi Kirkpatrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3175-3334"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kirkpatrick, James Ravi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025721469"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.4489000141620636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.4489000141620636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.08900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12520","display_name":"Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment","score":0.0860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.6169000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5612000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.5597000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.5440999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5103999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4722000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.3937999904155731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6169000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5612000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5597000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5440999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5103999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4722000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.3937999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deepfakes":[0],"are":[1,80,108],"synthetic":[2],"media":[3],"that":[4,106],"superimpose":[5],"or":[6,15,38,61],"generate":[7],"someone's":[8],"likeness":[9],"on":[10,33],"to":[11,115],"pre-existing":[12],"sound,":[13],"images,":[14],"videos":[16],"using":[17],"deep":[18],"learning":[19],"methods.":[20],"Existing":[21],"accounts":[22],"of":[23,95,101,119,143,150,158],"the":[24,34,39,92,99,117,140,148],"wrongs":[25],"involved":[26],"in":[27,88],"creating":[28],"and":[29,98],"distributing":[30],"deepfakes":[31,51,79,107],"focus":[32],"harms":[35],"they":[36,42,57,82,111],"cause":[37,58],"non-normative":[40,66],"interests":[41,87],"violate.":[43],"However,":[44],"these":[45],"approaches":[46],"do":[47],"not":[48],"explain":[49],"how":[50],"can":[52,83],"be":[53],"wrongful":[54,165],"even":[55],"when":[56,110],"no":[59],"harm":[60],"set":[62],"back":[63],"any":[64],"other":[65],"interest.":[67],"To":[68],"address":[69],"this":[70,72,151],"issue,":[71],"paper":[73],"identifies":[74],"a":[75,129,136],"neglected":[76],"reason":[77],"why":[78],"wrong:":[81],"subvert":[84],"our":[85,96,102,113,120,125,144],"legitimate":[86],"having":[89],"authority":[90,114],"over":[91],"permissible":[93,156],"uses":[94],"image":[97],"governance":[100],"identity.":[103,145],"We":[104,146],"argue":[105],"wrong":[109],"usurp":[112],"determine":[116],"provenance":[118],"own":[121],"agency":[122],"by":[123,153],"exploiting":[124],"biometric":[126],"features":[127],"as":[128,161],"generative":[130],"resource.":[131],"In":[132],"particular,":[133],"we":[134],"have":[135],"specific":[137],"right":[138],"against":[139],"algorithmic":[141,166],"conscription":[142],"refine":[147],"scope":[149],"interest":[152],"distinguishing":[154],"between":[155],"forms":[157],"appropriation,":[159],"such":[160],"artistic":[162],"depiction,":[163],"from":[164],"simulation.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-04-16T00:00:00"}