{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154458474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12420","title":"HARP: Hadamard-Domain Write-and-Verify for Noise-Robust RRAM Programming","display_name":"HARP: Hadamard-Domain Write-and-Verify for Noise-Robust RRAM Programming","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154458474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12420"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12420","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123003850","display_name":"Ilhuan Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choi, Ilhuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133712399","display_name":"Jiwon Yoo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoo, Jiwon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003586116","display_name":"Yoona Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3822-3205"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Yoona","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133661255","display_name":"Yewon Jeong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeong, Yewon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123049449","display_name":"Jason Jaesung Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Jason Jaesung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133701131","display_name":"Woo-Seok Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choi, Woo-Seok","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.3000999987125397,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.3000999987125397,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.24570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.0560000017285347,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadamard-transform","display_name":"Hadamard transform","score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.43880000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.3375999927520752}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7013000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60292330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1014065","display_name":"Hadamard transform","level":2,"score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.43880000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35589998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.3375999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56951928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3539213","display_name":"Trimming","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776841711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856","display_name":"Barcode","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776030095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5628954","display_name":"HARP","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9010549187660217,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Write-and-verify":[0],"(WV)":[1],"is":[2,194],"essential":[3],"for":[4,66,162],"programming":[5],"multi-level":[6],"RRAM":[7,202],"weights,":[8],"yet":[9],"under":[10,129,152],"scaled-voltage":[11],"and":[12,24,92,115,126,143,150,166,175,179,181],"low-SNR":[13],"conditions":[14],"the":[15,49,71,76,102,146,153,188,195],"verify":[16,34,59],"read":[17,72,78,131],"increasingly":[18],"limits":[19],"mapping":[20],"accuracy,":[21],"convergence":[22],"speed":[23],"energy.":[25],"We":[26],"propose":[27],"a":[28,88],"Hadamard-domain":[29],"WV":[30,105,134],"framework":[31],"that":[32,104],"improves":[33],"reliability":[35],"without":[36,41,74],"adding":[37],"analog":[38,44,51],"hardware.":[39],"%":[40,46],"introducing":[42],"additional":[43],"blocks":[45],"while":[47,141],"leveraging":[48],"existing":[50],"front-end":[52],"\\emph{HD-PV}":[53],"(Hadamard-Encoded":[54],"Parallel-Verify)":[55,99],"replaces":[56,116],"conventional":[57,133,159],"one-hot":[58],"reads":[60],"with":[61,119,171],"$N$":[62,91],"orthogonal":[63],"Hadamard":[64,81],"patterns":[65],"an":[67],"$N$-cell":[68],"column.":[69],"Changing":[70],"basis":[73],"increasing":[75],"column-level":[77],"count,":[79],"inverse":[80],"decoding":[82],"reduces":[83],"uncorrelated":[84],"read-noise":[85],"variance":[86],"by":[87],"factor":[89],"of":[90,190,198],"cancels":[93],"common-mode":[94],"disturbances.":[95],"\\emph{HARP}":[96],"(Hadamard-based":[97],"ADC-Energy-Reduced":[98],"further":[100],"exploits":[101],"fact":[103],"needs":[106],"only":[107],"ternary":[108],"update":[109],"decisions,":[110],"not":[111],"full":[112],"digital":[113],"codes,":[114],"SAR":[117],"conversions":[118],"lightweight":[120],"compare-only":[121],"operations.":[122],"Across":[123],"CIFAR-10,":[124,140],"CIFAR-100,":[125],"keyword":[127],"spotting":[128],"severe":[130],"noise,":[132],"loses":[135],"over":[136],"20\\,\\%":[137],"accuracy":[138,170],"on":[139],"HD-PV":[142,165],"HARP":[144,167],"limit":[145],"loss":[147],"to":[148,158,173,201],"0.6\\,\\%":[149],"1\\,\\%":[151],"same":[154],"memory":[155],"footprint.":[156],"Compared":[157],"multi-read":[160],"averaging":[161],"noise":[163],"reduction,":[164],"achieve":[168],"comparable":[169],"up":[172],"$6.1\\times$":[174],"$3.5\\times$":[176],"lower":[177],"latency":[178],"$6.2\\times$":[180],"$9.5\\times$":[182],"better":[183],"energy":[184],"efficiency,":[185],"respectively.":[186],"To":[187],"best":[189],"our":[191],"knowledge,":[192],"this":[193],"first":[196],"application":[197],"Hadamard-encoded":[199],"verification":[200],"WV.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-04-16T00:00:00"}